MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

163-164] GERUND 189from only eight roots in the RV.' :ga-tvaya having gone,jag-dhvaya having devoured, dat-tvaya having given, drstvayahaving seen, bhak-tvaya having attained, yuk-tvayahaving yoled, ha-tvaya having slain, hi-tvaya having abandoned;three more of these gerunds appear in the Yajurveda :kr-tvaya having done, ta-tvaya having stretched, vr-tvayahaving covered.164. When the verb is compounded the suffix is regularlyeither ya or tya. In at least two-thirds of such forms thevowel of the suffix is long in the RV. The root is alwaysaccented.1. ya is added (but never with i) to the root, which hasthe same form as before tva, except that final a and amremain unchanged. Nearly forty roots in the RV. andabout thirty more in the AV. form these compound gerunds.Examples from the RV. are :ac-ya bending {= a-ac-), abhyup-yahaving enveloped (Vvap), abhi-kram-ya approaching,abhi-gur-ya graciously accepting (gr sing), sam-grbh-yagathering, ni-cay-ya fearing, vi-tur-ya driving forth (-/tr),a-da-ya talcing, ati-div-ja plajjing higher, Sinu-dfs-ya, lookingalong, a-rabh-ya grasping, ni-sad-ya having sat down from;a causative stem :prarp-ya setting in motion (pra-arpaya).Examples from the AV. are : ud-uh-ya having carried tip(v^vah), sam-gir-ya stvallotving up (V'gr), upa-dad-yaimtting in (-/da), sam-bhu-ya combining, ut-tha-ya arising(\/stha), sam-siv-ya having sewed; from a causative stem :vi-bhaj-ya having apjwrtioned (\/bhaj).a. Three roots nre found in the RV. compounded with adverbs orsubstantives :punar-da-ya giving back, mitha-spfdh-ya vying together,karna-grh-ya seising by the ear, pada-gfh-ya grasping by the foot, hastagrh-yagrasping by the hand.1This gerund occurs twice in the AV. and about half a dozen timesin B. It is once formed from a causative stem in the SB. :spaiS-ay-itvaya(\/spas).