MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

196-197] ACCUSATIVE CASE 299the lord of riches (vi. SV) ;gautama bruvana thou icho caltestthi/self Gautama (SB.). (Cp. 180 under na, 2 a.)o. Since apparently two vocatives cannot be connected with ca, thenora. often apjieai-s instead of the first or tlie second vocative ; e. g.vayav indras ca cetathah Vdyn and India, ye know (i. 2'') ;indras casomam pibatam brhaspate InUraand Brhaspati, drink ike Suma (iv. 50^''),Cp. ISO under ca, 1 a, h.Accusative.197. A. This case is usually employedwith verbs in various ways. Besides its ordinaryin connexionuse ofdenoting the object of transitive verbs, the ace. is employedto express :1. the goal with verbs of motion, chiefly gam, also 1,much less often ya, car, and sr and some others. The ace.may be a person, a place, an activity or a condition ;e. g.yamam ha yajno gachati to Yania goes the sacrifice (x. 14^^) ;devam id esi pathibhih sug6bhih to the gods thou goest l>ypaths easy to traverse (i. 162''^^) ;indram stomas carantito Indra faret/tesongs of praise (x. 47'); saraj jaro natvatyosanam he sped like a lover to a maiden (ix. lOP'*) ma;ksetrany aranani ganma may we not go from thee to strangefields (vi. 61^^) ;sabham eti kitavah tlicgambler goesto theassembly (x. 34'^) ; jaritiir gachatho havam ye two go to the callof the singer (viii. 35^ ') ;tava kratubhir amrtatvam ayan bythy mental 2)oicers they [went to =) attained immortality (vi.a. Tlie usage in 13. is similar; e.g. prajapatih praja asrjata, tavarunam agachan Prajdpati cieated creatures ; iliey icent to Varuna (TS.) ;s^ nd divam apatat he did not fly to heaven (SB.); sriyam gacheyammay I {go to=) attain prosperity (SB.).2. duration of time (in origin only a special form of thecognate ace.) ; e. g. satam jiva sarado vardhamanab liveXyrospering a hundred autumns (x. 161^) ;so asvatth6 samvatsaramatisthat he remained in the Asvattha tree for a year7^^).