MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

210 INDECLINABLE WORDS [177-178(also instr.),q.x^ far from (also gen.), rt6 tvithout, paras a2)artfrom (also ace. and inst), pura before, bahir-dlia from out,sanutar far from.4. Gen. :puras-tad in front of^5. Loc. : saca {in association) with, hesicle, at, in.Adverbial Case-forms.178. Many case-forms of nominal and pronominal stems,often not otherwise in use, are employed as adverbs.Examples of all the cases appear with adverbial function.1. Nom. :prathama-m firstly, dvitiya-m secondly. Suchadverbs were originally used in apposition to the verbalaction.2. Ace. : these adverbs find their explanationin variousmeanings of the case. They represent (a) the cognate ace. ;e. g. bhuyas more, and comparatives in taram added toverbal prefixes, as vi-taram (kram) {stride) more ivldely ;{h) the appositional ace. e.; g. nama hy name, rupam in form,satyam truly ; (c) the ace. of direction e.; g. agram (i) {go)to the front of, before, astam (gam) {go) home ; {d) the ace. ofdistance and time ;e. g. duram a long way off, far naktam;hy nighi, sayam in the evening, nityam constantly, purvamformerly.a. There are also sume aec. adverbs derived from obsolete nominalstems, as ara-m sufficiently, nii-nam notv ;others from pronominalstems, as adas the)-e, i-dd.m here, now, ki-m idiy ?, yad when.3. Instr. : adverbs with the ending of this case (sometimespi.) are formed from substantives, adjectives, and pronouns.They usually express manner or accompanying circumstances,as B2ih.a>s-di forcibly, navyas-a anew, ena in thisivay ;also not^In B. the gen. is governed by this adverb as well as by paras-tadafter; e. g. suktasya purastat be/ore the hymn ; samvatsarasya paras Latafter a year.