MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

8 PHONETIC INTKODUCTION [s-io8. The cerebrals are entirely secondary, being a specificallyIndian product and unknown in the Indo-Iranian period.They are prohaljly due to aboriginal, especially Dravidian,influence. They are still rare in the EV., where they neveroccur initially, but only medially and finally. They haveas a rule arisen from dentals immediately following thecerebral s (= original s, s, j, h) or r-sounds (r, r, r) ; e.g.dtis-tara (= dus-tara) mvincihle; vas-ti (= vas-ti) ivishcs;mrs-ta (= mrj-ta) deansecl ;nida (= nizda)^ tiest; dii-dhi(= duz-dhi) ill- disposed ]drdha - (= drh-ta) /nji ;nr-nam(= nr-nam) of men.Final cerebral mutes represent the old palatals j, s, h;e. g. rat (= raj) m. rider nom. s.; vipat (= vi-pas) f. a river ;sat (= sah) overcoming ;a-vat (= a-vah-t) has conveyed(3. s. aor. of vah).9. a. The dentals are original sounds, representing thecorresponding IE. dentals. The mutes t and d, however,sometimes take the place of original s before s and bhrespectively ; e. g. a-vat-sis (AV.) aor. of vas dwell ;mad-bhis inst. pi. of mas month.h. The labials as a rule represent the corresponding IE.sounds. But b is very rarely inherited ;the numljer ofwords containing this sound has, however, been greatlyincreased in various Avays. Thus it often replaces p or bhin Sandhi and bh in reduplication ;e. g. pi-bd-ana firmbeside pad-a n. place rab-dha taken beside rabhante;theytake ;ba-bhiiva has heen from bhu he. There are also manywords containing b which seem to have a foreign origin.10. The nasals. Of the five nasals belonging to thecorresponding five classes of mutes, only the dental n andthe labial m appear independently and in any part of a word,'z (= s or old palatal zh), the soft form of s, lias always disa2:)peai'edafter cerebraliziiig d or dh and lengthening the preceding vowel.^Though written as a short vowel the r is j^rosodically long.