MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

More documents

Recommendations

Info

66 DECLENSION [89and shortening the vowel)and before vowel terminations (by lossto vas which becomes vatôf the nasal accompaniedby Samprasarana) to us which becomes us. Thereare thus three stems :vams, vat, and us. The accentalways rests on the suffix in uncompounded forms. Theinflexion is restricted to the m. and n.- The only specificallyn. form occurringis the A. s. The V. s. is regularly formed;with vas,^ The forms actually occurring, if made fromcakrvams having done, would be as follows :Masculine.SINGULAR.N. cakrvanA. cakrvams-amDUAL.PLURAL.
89-90] STEMS IN AN, MAN, VAN G7ok-i-van ' (uc be ivoni).This i is dropped before us ; e. g.tasth-us-a, iy-us-as, jagm-iis-e.90. 2. Nouns in an, man, van include a large numberof words, those in van being by far the commonest, thosein an the least frequent. These stems are almost restricted'"to m. and n. ;but some forms of adjective stems serve as f.,and there is one specificallyf. stem yos-an tvomnn.In the strong cases the a of the suffix is visually lengthened,e. g. adiivan-am ;but in half a dozen an and man stems itremains unchanged, e. g. arya-man-am. In the weak casesthe a is often syncopated before vowel endings, thoughnever when man and van are preceded by a consonant,e. g. I. s. gravna from gravan pressing stone (but as-man-astone), while before consonant endings the final n disappears,ê.g. raja-bhis. In the RV. syncopation never takes placein the N.A. du. n., nor with one exception (sata-davni)in the L. s.As in all other n stems, the nasal is dropped in the N. s.,e. g. m. adhva, n. karma. But there are two peculiaritiesof inflexion which, being common to these three groups, donot appear elsewhere in the consonant declension. Theending of the L. s. is in the EV. dropped more often thannot ;e. g.miirdhan beside murdhan-i on the head. In theN.A. pi. n. both the final n of the stem and the termination iare, in the RV., dropped in nineteen stems, e.g. karma;*while they are retained in eighteen, e. g. karmani.1. The an stems, which are both m. and n.," besides the1 With reversion to guttural, lack of reduplication, and strengthenedradical vowel.2The stems in an and man form their f. with i added to theirweakest form ;those in van substitute vari.°That is, the a represents an original sonant nasal.*Seven of these appear with a in the Samhita text, but with a, likethe rest, in the Pada text.the a form of the Samhita is the older.^Six or seven adjectival forms ai-e used as f.f2The evidence of the Avesta indicates that
Page 5 and 6:
A VEDIC GRAMMARFOR STUDENTSBYARTHUR
Page 7 and 8:
PJÊFACEA PRACTICAL Vedic grammar h
Page 9 and 10:
PREFACEVsurvey of Vedic sounds as e
Page 11 and 12:
PKEFACEviiappropriate place within
Page 13 and 14:
PrefaceList of Abbkeviations .Corre
Page 15 and 16:
LISTOF ABBREVIATIONSA. = accusative
Page 17 and 18:
CHAPTEE IPHONETIC INTRODUCTION1. Ve
Page 19 and 20:
3-4] THE VOWELS 3(y) seven cerebral
Page 21 and 22:
4-5] VOWEL GRADATION 5duvo-yu loisl
Page 23 and 24:
6-7] THE CONSONANTS 7The Consonants
Page 25 and 26:
10] NASALS 9initiallj', medially, a
Page 27 and 28:
11] SEMIVOWELS 11b. The semivowel v
Page 29 and 30:
12-14] BREATHING H—SPIRANTS 13Med
Page 31 and 32: 15]PKONUNCIATION 16as containing an
Page 33 and 34: 15] PKONUNCIATION 17Examples are: i
Page 35 and 36: 15] PEONUNCIATION 19as sit,sas oidc
Page 37 and 38: 17-18] EXTEENAL SANDHI 21A. Extei'n
Page 39 and 40: 19-21] EXTERNAL VOWEL SANDIII 23h.
Page 41 and 42: 23-25] ABSENCE OF VOWEL SANDHI 25h.
Page 43 and 44: 27-28] EXTERNAL SANDHI OF CONSONANT
Page 45 and 46: 29-32] EXTERNAL CONSONANT SANDHI 29
Page 47 and 48: 'atandrah37-40] EXTERNAL CONSONANT
Page 49 and 50: 41-42] EXTEKNAL CONSONANT SANDHI .
Page 55 and 56: 52-56] EXTEENAL CONSONANT SANDHI 39
Page 57 and 58: G1-G3] INTERNAL CONSONANT SANDHI 41
Page 59 and 60: 65] CEREBEALTZATION OF DENTAL N 43k
Page 61 and 62: 66-67] CEREBRALTZATION OF S 45the i
Page 63 and 64: 69-70] DECLENSION 47lengthening a p
Page 65 and 66: 72-74] DECLENSION 49shortened in th
Page 67 and 68: 77] STEMS IN DENTALS 511. Of the st
Page 69 and 70: 78-79] STEMS IN PALATALS 53no neute
Page 71 and 72: 79] STEMS TN PALATALS AND S 55dhrs-
Page 73 and 74: 81-82] STEMS IN H AND R 57anadiit-s
Page 75 and 76: 83] STEMS IN AS 59are accented on t
Page 77 and 78: 'In Latin and Greek the distinction
Page 79 and 80: 85-8G] PEESENT PARTICIPLES 63J). Th
Page 81: 88-89] COMPARATIVE STEMS IN YAMS 65
Page 85 and 86: 90] STEMS IN MAN 69the strong forms
Page 87 and 88: .IKREGULAE2The stem retains the acc
Page 89 and 90: 93] ADJECTIVES IN ANC 73Masculine.S
Page 91 and 92: 95-9(5] FEMININES OF CHANGEABLE STE
Page 93 and 94: 97] STEMS IN A AND A i IThese two d
Page 95 and 96: 97-98] EADICAL A STEMS 79rare that
Page 97 and 98: '"'tr(sucasucauV. suce98] DERIVATIV
Page 99 and 100: 98-99] IRREGULAR I STEMS 83also som
Page 101 and 102: 99-100] STEMS IN I AND U 85Sing. N.
Page 103: 100] RADICAL AND DERIVATIVE I STEMS
Page 106 and 107: '90 DECLENSION [100-101N.A. bhuv-aI
Page 108 and 109: 92 DECLENSION [101strong stem. The
Page 110 and 111: 94 DECLENSION [102-1033. dyo m. f.
Page 112 and 113: 9.6 DECLENSION [10313. In a few exa
Page 114 and 115: 98 DECLENSION [104-105a. The number
Page 116 and 117: 100 DECLENSION [105-106a consonant,
Page 118 and 119: 102 DECLENSION [107of the first fou
Page 120 and 121: '^104 DECLENSION [109A. Personal Pr
Page 122 and 123: 106 DECLENSION [110
Page 124 and 125: '108 DECLENSION [111roots i(which n
Page 126 and 127: 110 DECLENSION [112-]13a one, gener
Page 128 and 129: 112 DECLENSION [115-116used as an A
Page 130 and 131: 114 DECLENSION [117-119a. With the
Page 132 and 133:
IIG DECLENSION [120PI. N. visve. G.
Page 134 and 135:
118 CONJUGATION [121-122with three
Page 136 and 137:
120 CONJUGATION [1-25-127A. First C
Page 138 and 139:
122 CONJUGATION [128-129The Augment
Page 140 and 141:
124 CONJUGATION [131Terminations.13
Page 142 and 143:
'^This i combines with the final a
Page 144 and 145:
128 CONJUGATION [132FIRST CONJUGATI
Page 146 and 147:
180
Page 148 and 149:
132 CONJUGATION[132Third Class :bhr
Page 150 and 151:
134 CONJUGATION[132Fifth Class : kr
Page 152 and 153:
IKiG CONJUGATION[132Active.Present.
Page 154 and 155:
\ -138CONJUGATION [132Active.Presen
Page 156 and 157:
140 CONJUGATION [133Irregularities
Page 158 and 159:
142 CONJUGATION [134beginning with
Page 160 and 161:
144 CONJUGATION [134B. Third or Red
Page 162 and 163:
146 CONJUGATION [m-i355. In the imp
Page 164 and 165:
148 CONJUGATION [13Ga. Terminations
Page 166 and 167:
150 CONJUGATION [137tap heut, dabh
Page 168 and 169:
152 CONJUGATION [1384, ni lead :str
Page 170 and 171:
I154 CONJUGATION [139o. vid know io
Page 172 and 173:
156 CONJUGATION [meight occur, are
Page 174 and 175:
158 CONJUGATION [i40-uiyem-ana (^^y
Page 176 and 177:
160 CONJUGATION [141-143Indicative.
Page 178 and 179:
162 CONJUGATION [i432. The subjunct
Page 180 and 181:
164 CONJUGATION [144-/sri); a-hai-t
Page 182 and 183:
166 CONJUGATION [Ii5-146(mra not he
Page 184 and 185:
168 CONJUGATION [W-USIt is almost r
Page 186 and 187:
170 CONJUGATION [usthe endings s an
Page 188 and 189:
172 CONJUGATION [usa. There are als
Page 190 and 191:
174 CONJUGATION[149The following ar
Page 192 and 193:
176 CONJUGATION [150-1511. pi. acti
Page 194 and 195:
178 CONJUGATION [152-154almost limi
Page 196 and 197:
180 CONJUGATION[ir,5-i56'the Samhit
Page 198 and 199:
182 CONJUGATION [157-158jaks-i-vams
Page 200 and 201:
184 CONJUGATIONS [1601. na, which i
Page 202 and 203:
186 CONJUGATION [162162. The Future
Page 204 and 205:
188 CONJUGATION [163in tu which is
Page 206 and 207:
190 CONJUGATION [165-167165. 2. tya
Page 208 and 209:
192 CONJUGATION[i67h. verbal nouns
Page 210 and 211:
194 CONJUGATION[i67always ends in a
Page 212 and 213:
196 CONJUGATION[i68The causative is
Page 214 and 215:
198 CONJUGATION [168-169ksay-5,ya)
Page 216 and 217:
200 CONJUGATION [1715. ghas eat cha
Page 218 and 219:
ja-gam202 CONJUGATION [172-173a. Th
Page 220 and 221:
204 CONJUGATION [1743. Opt. No cert
Page 222 and 223:
206 CONJUGATION [175e. g. jara-ya t
Page 224 and 225:
CHAPTER VINDECLINABLE WORDSPreposit
Page 226 and 227:
210 INDECLINABLE WORDS [177-178(als
Page 228 and 229:
212 INDECLINABLE WORDS [179purva,-t
Page 230 and 231:
214 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180a. In B.
Page 232 and 233:
216 INDECLINABLE WOEDS [180for, wit
Page 234 and 235:
218 INDECLINABLE WOEDS [1802. There
Page 236 and 237:
with220 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180it t
Page 238 and 239:
222 INDECLINABLE WORDS [isoh. It al
Page 240 and 241:
224 INDECLINABLE WORDS[180It often
Page 242 and 243:
226 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180why has
Page 244 and 245:
228 INDECLINABLE WORDS[180ca (Gk. r
Page 246 and 247:
230 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180after a
Page 248 and 249:
232 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180rarely,
Page 250 and 251:
234 INDECLINABLE WORDS [i8otii,thou
Page 252 and 253:
I236 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180infinit
Page 254 and 255:
238 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180nu ' or
Page 256 and 257:
240 INDECLINABLE WORDS [iso(= Lat.
Page 258 and 259:
242 INDECLINABLE WOEDS" [180l&d ydt
Page 260 and 261:
244 INDECLINABLE WOEDS [180praise t
Page 262 and 263:
ya24^ INDECLINABLE WOKDS [180if he
Page 264 and 265:
248 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180there ar
Page 266 and 267:
250 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180(h. With
Page 268 and 269:
252 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180in the R
Page 270 and 271:
antCHAPTER VINOMINAL STEM FORMATION
Page 272 and 273:
sus-ka256 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [i
Page 274 and 275:
258 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [182e.g.
Page 276 and 277:
200 NOMINAL STEM FOEMATION [182(Gk.
Page 278 and 279:
I262 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [is-ika
Page 280 and 281:
264 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [182-183
Page 282 and 283:
2()6 VERBAL COMPOUNDS [is4pain arou
Page 284 and 285:
'268 NOMINAL COMPOUNDS [185-18(5The
Page 286 and 287:
270 NOMINAL COMPOUNDS [1S6-1873. Th
Page 288 and 289:
•''This"'272 NOMINAL COMPOUNDS [i
Page 290 and 291:
274 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [187-188
Page 292 and 293:
276 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [iss-iso
Page 294 and 295:
278 NOMINAL STEM FOKMATION [189occu
Page 296 and 297:
280 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [WJadhi-
Page 298 and 299:
282 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [189a. S
Page 300 and 301:
284 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [191and as i
Page 302 and 303:
286 , OUTLINESOF SYNTAX[191most clo
Page 304 and 305:
288 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX {m-mprthivih
Page 306 and 307:
290 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [194mitras t
Page 308 and 309:
292 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [194-195and
Page 310 and 311:
294 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [195referenc
Page 312 and 313:
29G OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [i95relative
Page 314 and 315:
298 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [196THE CASE
Page 316 and 317:
300 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [197(TB.) ta
Page 318 and 319:
302 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [197and by g
Page 320 and 321:
304 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [198and B. ;
Page 322 and 323:
306 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [i99Instrume
Page 324 and 325:
308 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [199differen
Page 326 and 327:
310 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [199-200the
Page 328 and 329:
312 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [200and krud
Page 330 and 331:
314 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [200B. The d
Page 332 and 333:
316 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [201have rec
Page 334 and 335:
318 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [201-202Anal
Page 336 and 337:
320 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [2027. In Fj
Page 338 and 339:
322 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [202P. It is
Page 340 and 341:
324 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [203-204vyus
Page 342 and 343:
326 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [204-205to t
Page 344 and 345:
328 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [205-206tasm
Page 346 and 347:
330 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [208-209divi
Page 348 and 349:
332 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [209-210catt
Page 350 and 351:
334 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX[-211crenj po
Page 352 and 353:
386 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [211jar^dhya
Page 354 and 355:
338 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [211ma no ma
Page 356 and 357:
340 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [212The only
Page 358 and 359:
342 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [213na soma
Page 360 and 361:
844 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [213loose th
Page 362 and 363:
346 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [•213-214i
Page 364 and 365:
348 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [214-215wUl
Page 366 and 367:
350 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [215which wa
Page 368 and 369:
352 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [2ir,in whic
Page 370 and 371:
354 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [2i5future i
Page 372 and 373:
356 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [215nasate s
Page 374 and 375:
358 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [215once be
Page 376 and 377:
360 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [215-2161rat
Page 378 and 379:
362 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [216rta vada
Page 380 and 381:
364 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [216verb (op
Page 382 and 383:
366 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [2I6a daivya
Page 384 and 385:
368 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [218a. When
Page 386 and 387:
870 APPENDIX Iad eat, II.: pr. admi
Page 388 and 389:
372 APPENDIX Iroot, inda, the is ao
Page 390 and 391:
374 APPENDIX Iroot: arta; arata ;in
Page 392 and 393:
pr.376 APPENDIX ISB. karisyas. co.
Page 394 and 395:
378 APPENDIX IPR. ksiyati; or. ksiy
Page 396 and 397:
380 APPENDIX Iipv. guhata pt.; guha
Page 398 and 399:
882 APPENDIX Icinusva; vt. cinvant;
Page 400 and 401:
384 APPENDIX I(VS.) and ajijipata (
Page 402 and 403:
386 APPENDIX IAo. atayi (B.). pp. t
Page 404 and 405:
388 APPENDIX IPT. dadasvams. pp. da
Page 406 and 407:
pr.390 APPENDIX Iadides, adidet. rr
Page 408 and 409:
892 APPENDIX 12. dr a, sleep, II. F
Page 410 and 411:
394 APPENDIX IAo. root : iNJ. dhrth
Page 412 and 413:
396 APPENDIX Inu praise, I. : pk. n
Page 414 and 415:
398 APPENDIX Iipv. pinva ; pinvatam
Page 416 and 417:
400 APPENDIX Ipri p?msr, IX. : pr.
Page 418 and 419:
402 APPENDIX Ibhiks hcf/, I. A. : p
Page 420 and 421:
404 APPENDIX Imamahana. pp. niahita
Page 422 and 423:
406 APPENDIX IAo. sa : amiksat (B.)
Page 424 and 425:
408 , APPENDIX1mrs toudi, VI. : vn.
Page 426 and 427:
410 APPENDIX IJ.thas, yuyota; op. y
Page 428 and 429:
412 APPENDIX 11. va give, III.: ipv
Page 430 and 431:
'414 APPENDIX I2. rudh gi'oir, I. P
Page 432 and 433:
416 APPENDIX Ivadhisam and vadhim,
Page 434 and 435:
418 APPENDIX Ivas bellow, I. P. : p
Page 436 and 437:
420 APPENDIX IIX. : iPF. avrnldhvam
Page 438 and 439:
422 APPENDIX Ivyayasva ;pt. vyayant
Page 440 and 441:
424 APPENDIX IPT. sumbhamana. ao. r
Page 442 and 443:
426 APPENDIX Isagh be equal to, V.
Page 444 and 445:
428 APPENDIX Isu press, V. : pk. su
Page 446 and 447:
480 APPENDIX Isit (B.) ;A. astosi,
Page 448 and 449:
sisvapas432 APPENDIX Isr^dhant. ipf
Page 450 and 451:
484 APPENDIX Ihimsitavya. gd. himsi
Page 452 and 453:
APPENDIX IIVEDIC METRE.1 . The main
Page 454 and 455:
yabhujara438 APPENDIX III. Simple S
Page 456 and 457:
prthivyabrahmai440 APPENDIX IIc. Th
Page 458 and 459:
442 APPENDIX II6. C. The verse of t
Page 460 and 461:
hasoprasastayedratasutavidhemasaciv
Page 462 and 463:
vadniraksasvinahiranyavatpatamasust
Page 464 and 465:
APPENDIX IIITHE VEDIC ACCENT.1. The
Page 466 and 467:
450 APPENDIX IIIp6sam eva div6-dive
Page 468 and 469:
452 APPENDIX III= rathi^m ' ;svar -
Page 470 and 471:
454 APPENDIX IIIthe latter are near
Page 472 and 473:
456 APPENDIX IIIa. The liist member
Page 474 and 475:
468 APPENDIX III/9. The pronoun a i
Page 476 and 477:
460 APPENDIX IIIThe graded conjugat
Page 478 and 479:
462 APPENDIX IIIthan not ;e. g. t6-
Page 480 and 481:
464 APPENDIX IIItav-e to cover up ;
Page 482 and 483:
dosavastar^|abhidrohamrtavrdhav466
Page 484 and 485:
468 APPENDIX IIIa. The first of two
Page 487 and 488:
a-,10VEDIC INDEXThis index contains
Page 489 and 490:
VEDIC INDEX 473antarena, adv. prj).
Page 491 and 492:
VEDIC INDEX 475itara, prn. a, other
Page 493 and 494:
VEDIC INDEX 477©, vowel often chan
Page 495 and 496:
VEDIC INDEX 479148, 3 ; pt., 148, 6
Page 497 and 498:
VEDIC INDEX 481pi., So ; it. ao. up
Page 499 and 500:
VEDIC INDEX 483dagh, reach, rt. ao.
Page 501 and 502:
VEDIC INDEX 485ndkis, inclec. prn.
Page 503 and 504:
VEDIC INDEX 487purutra, adv. in mam
Page 505 and 506:
VEDTC INDEX 489madintara, cpv. more
Page 507 and 508:
i a.VEDIC INDEX 491yajtjoin, pr, sy
Page 509 and 510:
VEDIC INDEX 493va3, f. spvcc/i, 79,
Page 511 and 512:
VEDIC INDEX 495srenisas, adv. in ro
Page 513 and 514:
VEDIC INDEX 497stubh, f. praise, 78
Page 515 and 516:
1GENERAL INDEXTlift abbreviations o
Page 517 and 518:
GENERAL INDEX 50167 a ;of s in nom.
Page 519 and 520:
GENERAL INDEX 503Historical present
Page 521 and 522:
GENERAL INDEX 505Precative 150 168-
Page 523 and 524:
GENERAL INDEX 507Strong stem, in de
Page 527:
m 3^988PLEASE DO NOT REMOVECARDS OR
show all

MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?