MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

284 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [191and as it there appears is, moreover, doubtless the originalone.The general rule is that the subject begins the sentenceand the verb ends it,the remaining members comingbetween.a. The subject begins the sentence ;e. g.visah ksatriyayabalim haranti the peasants pay tribute to the prince (SB.).It may, however, be preceded by a particle like uta oroccasionally by any other member of the sentence intendedto be strongly emphasized ;e. g. pray aj air vai devahsvargam lokam ayan htjto the heavenly ivorld (SB.).means of the Fratjdjas the gods wenth. The verb occasionally moves to the beginningof thesentence when it is strongly emj^hasized ;e. g. yanti va apa,6ty aditya, 6ti candrama, ydnti naksatrani the ivatersmove, the sun moves, the moon moves, the stars move (SB.).A predicative noun with the copula (which may be omitted)"being equivalent to a verb, naturally occupies the sameposition ; e. g. sarve ha vai deva agre sadrsa asuh all thegods in the heginning were similar (SB.) ;mitro vai sivodevanam Mitra, indeed, is the Jcindly one among the gods (TS.).Nevertheless the predicative noun, being emphatic,is as arule the first word in the sentence ;e. g. martya ha va agredeva asuh the gods ivere originally mortals (SB.) ; piiruso vaiyajnah the sacrifiee (is)a man (SB.).c. As regards the cases, the ace. is x>laced immediatelybefore the verb ; e.g. chandamsi yuktani devebhyo yajnamvahanti tlie metres, when they are yoJced, take the sacrifice tothe gods (SB.). Adverbs and indeclinable participles occupya similar position. Occasionally such words move to thebeginning ;e. g. divi vai soma asid, atha^iha devah inheaven was Soma, hut here the gods (SB.).d. The apposition, including patronymics and participles,follows the word which it explains or defines ; e. g. someraja Soma, the King. A participle, in its proper sense, if