MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

464 APPENDIX IIItav-e to cover up ; ^pa-bhar-tavdi ' to he taken away. Wlien there are twoprepositions the first may be separate and independently accented ;e. g. anu prd-volhum to advance along, vi prfi-sartave to spread.15. Gerunds formed with tvi, tva, tvaya accent thesuffix, but when they are compounded with prepositions(here always insej^arable) and formed with ya or tya, theyaccent the root ;e, g.bhu-tva having become, ga-tvi andga-tvaya having gone ; sam-grbh-ya having gathered, upasrii-tya(AV.) having overcome.16. Case forms used as adverbs frequently shift theiraccent to indicate clearly a change of meaning. ^ Theaccusative neuter form is here the commonest ; e. g. dravatquicMy, but dravat running ; aparam later, but aparam asn. adj. ;uttaram higher, but uttaram as n. adj. ;adverbs invat e. g. pratna-vat as of old, but the ace. n. of adjectivesin vant do not accent the suffix. Examples of other casesare : div-a hy day, but div-a through heaven ; aparaya forthe future, but aparaya to the later ;sanat from of old,but sanat fromthe old.6. Sandhi Accent.17. 1. When two vowels combine so as to form a longvowel or diphthong, the latter receives the Udatta, if eitheror both the original vowels had it ;e. g. agat = a agat ;^nudasvatha = nudasva atha;kv6t = kva it ;nantarah= na antarah.a. But the contraction of i i is accented as i,* the enclitic Svarita(i i) having here ousted the preceding Udatta ; e. g. diviva ^ = divi iva.®1Retaining the secondary accent on the final syllable.2Such a shift is found in nouns to indicate either a simple changeof meaning, e.g. jy^stha greatest, but jyesth^ eldest; or a change ofcategory also, e.g. gomati rich in cows, but gomati name of a river;rajaputra son of a king, but rajaputra having sons as kings.^Eut when a Svarita on a final vowel is followed by an unaccentedinitial vowel, it of course remains, e. g. kveyatha = kva iyatha.*In the RV. and AV., but not in the Taittirlya texts, which followthe general rule.^RV. and AV., but diviva in the Taittirlya texts.*This is the praslista or contracted Svarita of the Prati^akhyas.