MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

248 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180there arc, indeed, no friendshipsiriili iromen (x. 95^^j. Thestress is laid on the whole sentence, not on any particularword. The particle is often followed by u (va u) withoutany perceptible change of meaning.a. In tlie AV. the use is similar except that here the particle oftenapi^ears after a demonstrative or a relative ;e. g. tdsmad wiX sd. pfirabhavattherefore, imVed. he peiislud (xii. 4") ; yo v^i ta vidyat pratyaksain,sa va adyd mahad vadet n-hoever maij knon: Uieui i^lainlij, he. verily,may speak aloud to-day (xi. 8^).2. In B. vai usuallj^ occupies the same position, but oftenyields the second place to c6d, hi, khalu, and of coursealways to the enclitics iva, u, ca, sma,ha. When athobegins a sentence vai occupies the second place.Here the use of vai in the first sentence of a narrative istypical e.; g. yamo va amriyata t6 deva yamya yamam:apabruvan Yama died : the gods (then) dissuaded Yaml from(thinking of)Yama (MS.).rt. The particle often ai:>pears in the concluding sentence in discussions; e. g. tSsmad va apa upa sprsati that is, indeed, ichy he sipsivater (SB.)-b. It is very often placed after the first word of a sentence thatgives the reason for the one that follows ; e. g. sraddhadevo vaimdnur : avam nu vedava now Mami is god-fearing: >ve ttco iciV.therefore ascertain (SB.). When vai is used in this way the clausecontaining it is often equivalent to a parentlietical one ;e. g. tevaynm abruvan (ayam vai vayur yo 'yam pdvate) vayo tvam idamviddhi^iti theij said to Vdyu (noiv Vdyu is he ivho blows), ' Vdyn, ascertainthis' (SB.). In this sense vai is especially frequent in periods ofthree clauses, when that with vai contains the reason, and that withevi, the conclusion ; e. g. ta etabhis tanubhih sdm abhavan ; pasdvovai devanam priyas tanvah :pasubhir eva sd.m abhavan they weretogetlier with tliese bodies ; now aiiiiuals are the bodies dear to thv gods: theytvere therefore together loifh animals (MS.).c. The differences between the use of vdi and of eva in B. are thefollowing vdi coming after the first word emphasizes the whole:sentence, while eva emijhasizes a particular word in any jjart of thesentence ;vi,i follows the first word of a sentence beginning a narrative,evd. never does ;in a period vai is typical in the clause statinga reason, eva in that expressing the conclusion.