MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

199]INSTRUMENTAL 807verbs of motion to express the space through or over whichan action extends e. ; g. diva yanti maruto bhumya^agnirayam vato antariksena yati the Mariifs go along the s7ci/,Agni over the earth, the Wind here goes tlirough the air (i. 161^*) ;antarikse patlaibhih patantam flying along the paths in theair (x. 87^').a. Ill B. the inst. is constantly used in the local sense with wordsmeaning jndh or door, but rarely with others e. ; g. yd.tha^_^dksetrajuo'ny^na patha nayet as if one who does not hnoio the district were to lead ly aurong road {HB.) sdrasvatya yanti they go along the Stirasvatt (TS.).;5. In its temporal sense the inst. expresses the timethroughout which an action extends ;e. g. purvibhir dadasimasaradbhih we have worshipped throughout many autumns(i. 86''). Sometimes, however, the sense of duration is notapparent, the inst. being then used like the loc. of time ;thus rtuna and rtubhih meati in due season.a. In B. the temporal meaning is rare ; e.g. sava isumatrSm evahnatirydiin avardhata he grew in the course of a day qtiite an arrow's length inipidth (MS.).6. Many instrumentals (chiefly of the sociative and localclasses) have come to be used in a purely adverbial sense.Such are formed from either substantives or adjectives (ofwhich sometimes no other form occurs) e.; g. anjasa straightway,mahobhih mightily, sahasa and sahobhis suddenly ;antarena u-ifhin, uttarena to the north;uccais above, nieaisbelow, paracais sideways, -prsLcais forwards, sanais and sanais,sanakais sloivly.a. In a number of these instrnmentals the adverbial use is indicated,not only by the sense, but by a shift of accent ; e. g. diva by day ;daksinato the right; madhya between; naktaya 6;/ night; svapnaya in adream; aksnaya aoos.s (B.) anomalously formed from ii stems ; :asuyaquickly, dhrsnuya ItoUUg, raghuya swiftly, sadhuya straightway, mithuyafalsely (mithya SB.), anusthuya immediately (anusthya B.); and from apronoun, amuya in that way.199. B. Besides having the above general and independentuses the inst. also appears, in special connexion withx2