MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

78-79] STEMS IN PALATALS 53no neuters. The cases of tri-stubh f. triple praise (a metre)are :Sing. N. tristup. A. tristiibh-am. I. tristiibh-a. D.tristiibh-e.•Ab. ti'istiibh-as.• •L. tristubh-i• • 7 ; PI. A.tristubh-as.a. nabh lengthens its vowel in the N. pi. nabh-as.A. nabh-as.3. There are five or six monosyllabic stems in m, andone compound : sam n. happiness, dam n. (?) house, ksam,gam, jam f. earth, him m. (?) cold ;sam-nam f.favour.a. Gam and jam syncopate in the s. LAb.G. :gm-a, jm-a ;gm-as, jm-as ksam; syncopates in the Ab. G. s. andlengthens its vowel in N. du.pl. ksm-as; ksam-a; ksam-as.Dam :has the G. s. dan (for dam-s) in the expressions patirdan and pati dan = dam-patis and dam-pati lord of thehouse and lord and lady of the house.Stems in Palatals.79. The palatals (c, j, s) undergo a change of organ whenfinal and before consonant terminations (cp. 63). c alwaysbecomes guttural (k or g), j and s nearly always becomeguttural, but sometimes cerebral (t or d).1. The unchangeable stems in c when ' uncompoundedare monosyllabic and almost exclusivelyf. substantives.Tvac s¥m, however, twice occurs as a m., and krunc curlewis m. Compounds, as adjectives, are often m., but only oneform occurs as a n., in the adv. a-prk in a mixed manner.Vac speech would be declined as follows :Sing. N.V. vak. A. vac-am (Lat. voc-em). I. vac-a.D. vac-6. Ab.G. vac-as. L. vac-i.Dual. N.A.V. vac-a, vac-au. I. vag-bhyam.Plur. N. V. vac-as. A. vac-as (rarely vac-as). I. vag-bhis.D.Ab. vag-bhyas. G. vac-am.^Stems in derivative anc are changeable (93).