MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

276 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [iss-iso(AV.) m. hecomimi evening ; pasca'-dosa (VS.) m. later partof the evening; ida-vatsara ' (AV.) m. the present year ; puroagni*(VS.) m. fire in front; su-da giving tviUinghj ;duhsevaimfavouraUe ; a-mitra m. non-friend, enemy ;su-vasanan. fair garment ; ati-krsna excessively darJc ; pra-napat m.great grandson adhi-raja m. supreme king ; ; pra-vira ni.great hero sam-vatsara m.;fidl year.3. Possessive (Bahuvrihi) Compounds.189. These compounds are secondary adjectives. Theyare determinatives (generally Karmadharayas), ending insubstantives, which have been transformed into adjectivesagreeing in gender, number, and case with another substantiveexpressed or understood. The transformation is accompaniedby a shift of accent from the final member to thefirst. The term ' possessive ' isprobably the most appropriateas applied to these compounds, for it expresses their generalmeaning in the vast majority of cases ;in a few instancesthe more comprehensive sense of ' connected with ' is requiredto indicate the relation between the substantive and theBahuvrihi compound agreeing with it ;e. g. visva-narabelonging to all men. Possessives are of two kinds :1. Karmadharaya Possessives,in which the first memberis an attributive adj. (including j^articiples),an appositionalsubst., or an adverb (including particles and prepositions) :e. g. ugra-bahu powerful -armed ;hata-matr whose mother hasheen slain ;rusad-vatsa having a shining calf; asva-parnahorse-winged, i. e. whose wings are horses indra-satru; havingIndra as a foe ; raja-putra having Icings as sons ; hiranyanemiwhose fellies are (made of) gold; asta-pad^ eight-footed,dvi-V3^d-' two-footed ;ittha-dhi having such thought, devout;puro-ratha ivhose car is in front; vi-griva wry-necJced;1Here the adverbs preceding ordinaiy substantives are = adjectives.2 Gk. oKTw-TToS-.^Lat. li-ped-.