MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

4 PHONETIC INTRODUCTION [4u is an original vowel ;e. g. madhu (Gk. fi^dv) honey.It is also the low grade of o and va ;e. g. yug-a n. yoJxbeside y6g-a m. yoldng ; sup-ta asleep beside svap-na ni.sleep.u is an original vowel ;e. g.bhru {6-^pv-s:)f. hroio. It isalso the low grade of au and va ;e. g. dhu-ta shalccn Ijesidedhau-tari f.slialdng ;stid stvccten beside svad enjoy ;and often represents a contraction; e.g.uc-iir = u -uc-iirthey have spoken (3. pi. pf. of vac) bahu the two arms =;bahu-a.r is a vocalic r, being the low grade of ar and ra ;e. g.kr-ta done beside ca-kar-a I hare done ; grbh-i-ta seisedbeside grabh-a m. seizure.T occurs only in the ace. and gen. pi.m. and f.of ar stems(in which it is the lengthened low grade) ;e. g. pitfn,matrh ; pitrnam, svasrnam.1 is a vocalic 1, being the low grade of al, occurring onlyin a few forms or derivatives of the verb kip (kalp) he inorder : caklpr6 3. j)!. pf. ; ciklpati 3. s. aor. subj. ; klpti(VS.) f. arrangement beside kalpasva 2. s. impv. mid.,kalp-a m. pious worTc.b. The diphthongs.eand 6 stand for the original genuine diphthongs at au.They represent (1) the high grade corresponding to theweak grade vowels i and u;e. s6c-ati g. pours besideBik-ta. poicred ; bhoj-am beside bhiij-am aor. of bhuj enjoy ;(2)the result of the coalescence of a with i and u in externaland internal Sandhi ;e. g. 6ndra = a indra ;6 cit = a u cit ;pad6 = pada i du. n. two steps ;bhaveta = bhava ita 3. s,opt. might he; maghon (= magha tm) weak stem ofmaghavan hountiful ; T^j e = az in a few words befored, dh, h ; e.g. e-dhi he 2. s. impv. of as beside as-ti o =; azand before y and v of secondarybefore bh of case-endings,suffixes ;e. g. dv6so-bhis inst. pi. of dvdsas n. hatred ;