MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

228 INDECLINABLE WORDS[180ca (Gk. re, Lai. -que) and is an enclitic conjunction usedto connect both words and sentences. It regularly followsan accented word, and when it adds a clause, the first wordof that clause.1. ca connects substantives (including pronouns andnumerals) and adverbs ;e. g.mitram huve varunam caI invoice Mitra and Varuna (i. 2') ; maghavano vayam cathe patrons and ive (i. 73^) ;satam 6kam ca a hundred andone (i. 117^^) ; adya nunam ca to-day and now (i. 13^).In a few passages (but never in B.) the ca follows the firstword instead of the second : nakta ca . . usasa niffht andmorning (i.73'').a. ca...ca are used mucli in the same way; e.g. girdyas ea dyavaca bhuma the mountains and heaven-and-earth (i. 61^*) ;divds ca gm&sca of heaven and of earth (i. 37^) asman ca tarns ca us and fliem ; (ii. 1"^) ;n^va ca navatira ca nine and ninetij (i. 32'*) ;a ca para ca carantammoving hither and away (i. 164^').Similarly in B. : devas ca(_;asuras ca gods and Asxras (SB.) ;sastfsca trmi ca satani sixty and three hundred ; purastac cai__^updristac cafrom before and from behind.j3. ca...ca sometimes also express a contrast : ndkta ca cakrur usd,savirupe krsnd.m ca v^rnam arund,m ca s^m dhuh : they have madenight and morning of different aspect : they have imt together the black colourand the ruddy (i. 73'').Similai'Iy in B. : ubhdyam gramydm ca^_^aranydm ca juhoti hesacrifices loth : what is fame and mhat is ivihl (MS.).a. A peculiar use of ca in the RV. is to add a secondvocative in the form of a nominative ;e. g. vayav indrasca . . a yatam Vayu and Indra, come (i. 2*^).h. Another peculiar use of ca, both in V. and B., is toadd one noun (nearlj^^ always in the nom.) to another whichhas to be supplied e. ; g. a yad indras ca dadvahe when wetwo, (I) and Indra, receive (viii. 34^^) ;indras ca somampibatam, brhaspate do ye, (thou), Brhaspati, and Indra.drink (iv. 50^'>).From B. : ta brhaspatis ca^anvavaitam they two, (he) andBrhaapati, followed them (TS.) ;tat samjnarn krsnajiuaya ca