MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

Ml] CONJUNCTIVE AND ADVBL. PARTICLES 251liere expressed is that something habitually took place in the pasti^but does not as in the RV. include the present) ; e.g. nd ha sma vaipura^agm'r aparasuvrknam dahati formerhj Agni ustd not fo biun whatK'rtsnot hppcd off with the axe ^TS.).b. Much more frequently, however, pura is left out and theparticles ha sma, from their frequent association with it, assume itsmeaning c.; g. te ha sma yad deva asuraii jdyanti, tato ha sma^_,eva^enan puuar upottisthanti as often as the gods defeated the Asuras, thelatter ahcai/s op2)tjsed them again (SB.). This use of ha sma is verycommon with the jjresent perfect aha; e. g. etdd dha sma va ahanaraddh with regard to this Ndrada used to sag (MS.). Other tenses thanthe present with ha sma are found in the AB. where, in two orthree passages, the perf. and the impf. are used with them in thesame sense.svid is an enclitic particle emphasizing the first word ofa sentence, usually an interrogative pronoun or adverb.Ft may generally be translated hy pray e. ; g. kah svid vrks6nisthito madhye arnasah irJiiU tree, pratj, teas that whichstood in the midst of the sea? (i. 182"). In one passage of theRV. this particle gives the interrogative an indefinite meaningmata putrasya caratah kva svit the mother of the :sonthat traiiders irho litotes ichcre (x. 34^"). Very rarely (indouble questions) the particle appears without an interrogativeasti svin nii viryam tat : ta, indra, na svid asti :tad rtutha vi vocah is this thy heroic deed, Indra, or is itnot : that declare in due season (vi. 18'^).a. In a few instances svid apfiears in non -interrogative sentences :tvaya ha svid yuja vayam abhi smo vajasataye ivUh thee as eompaa,ioiiwe are equipped for the Mainmenl of hoot g (viii. 102^).h. The employment of svid in B. is similar; e.g. kam u svid ato'dhi varam varisyamahe nitat boon, prag, begond this sitall we choose ?(MS.) ;tvam svin no brahmistho 'si art Ihoa, prag, tlie most learned ofus ? (SB.; ; ydd ahgaresu juhoti tat svid agnau juhoti wl/at he pourson the coals, that itself he pours on the fire (MS.).ha, an enclitic particle occurring after all words capableof beginning a sentence, has a slightly emphasizing andasseverative force. It is probably identical in origin withgha. but unlike that particle hardly ever (onlj^ twice) appears