MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

156-157] PARTICIPLES 181Stems of the reduplicating class do not distinguishstrongforms because they drop the n : e. g. juhv-at (3. pi.juhv-ati).The strong stem of the future participle may similarly beobtained by dropping the i of the 3. pi. act, : bhavisyant,karisyant.The active participle is formed by the root aorist, thea aorist, and the s aorist, from the unaugmented tense stemin the latter two ;e. g. vida-nt, sak-s-ant (sah premil) ;andfrom the weakened or unmodified root in the former ; e. g.rdh-ant, kr-ant (kr make), gm-ant (gam go), pant (padrinh).a. Irregularities.— In the pi-es. part, the initial a of as he and themedial a of han slaij are lost : sant (3. pi. santi), ghn-ant (3. pi. ghndnti);while the n of the suffix is lost in das-at worshipping and sas-at '(3. pi. sas-ati). The n is also lost in the s aor. part, of dah ham :dfiks-at and dhdks-at. Whether it was also lost in s^ks-at, the part,of the same aor. from sah prevail, is uncertain because it is only metwith in a weak case.157. The reduplicated perfect participle is formedfrom the weak (but uucontracted or unsyncopated) stem towhich the suffix vams is directly added. There are morethan fifty such stems. Examples are : cakr-vams, jaganvams(gam go),tastabh-vams (stambh prop), tasthi-vams(stha stand), dadrs-vains, dad-vams (da give), ba-bhu-vams,vavrt-vams, sasa-varns (san gain), susup-vams (svapsleep).a. Some half-dozen of these participles are formed byadding the suffix with connecting i to the reduplicated stemcontracted to a single syllable:i-y-i-varns (i go) iis-i-vams;(vas dwell) ;ok-i-vams " (uc &e pleased) ; papt-i-vams (patfall) ;sasc-i-vams (sac follow) ;in the later Sainhitas also'Both da^ and sas belong to the root, and not the reduplicatingclass.2With strong radical vowel and reversion to the original guttural.