MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

346 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [•213-214it stood still; thinkingit has stood still for Agni, iheij sacrificed it in Agni(SB.).2. it is employed by the author with regard to what from his ownpoint of view has either jvist happened or has occurred in the moreremote past e. ; g. sa b^ndhur sunasiryasya y^m purvam avocamathis is the import of the Sund-strya ohlalion which -we have eTplained above(SB,) puro va etan deva akrata yat purolasams tat purolasanam;purolasatvam because the gods have made these cakes their castles, the cakesare so called (AB.). The adverb pura is not infrequently used witlithese aorists ;e. g. na va etasya brahmanah pu^a^_^annam aksauBrahmins have never hitherto eaten his food (TS.).3. it expresses what results from a ritual act or is antecedent to it;e. g. putrasya nama grhnati:prajani eva^anu s^m atanit he gives hisson a name : he has thus extended his race (MS.); et^dvai trtiyani yajnamapad y^c chandamsi^apnoti thereby he has obtained the third sacrifice whenhe obtains the metres (TS.) ; yad dhf^asya^amedhyam abhiit tad dhi^_^asya^et^d avadhiinoti wliat has been impure in that in it he shakesit, off inthis way (SB.).D. The pluperfect, as an augmented perfect, is equivalentto the corresponding Greek tense in form only. It cannotbe distinguished in syntactical use from the impf. in someexamples and from the aor. in others; e.g. atra samudraa gulham a suryam ajabhartana then ye hroiight the sunhUIden in the sea (x. 72') ud u; sya devah savita yayamahiranyayim amatim yam asisret that god Savitr now hasraised up the golden sheen which he has sj^read out (vii.38').Future.214. A. 1. The simple future is in comparatively rareuse in V., being formed from only fifteen roots in the RV.and from rather more than twenty others in the AV. Thislimited employment is accounted for by its sense beingpartly expressed by the subjunctive and to some extent bythe present. It means that, according to the opinion,expectation, intention, hope or fear of the speaker, an actionis to take place in the near or the remote future. Thesphere of the future includes that of the will, the specificmeaning of the subjunctive, but the stress is here laid on