MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

230 INDECLINABLE WORDS [180after a negative ;e. g. trtiyam asya nakir a dadharsati,vayas cana patayantah patatrinah no onedares approachhis third (step), not even the winged birds though they fly(i. 155*). From its use in such supplementary clauses,where itmay also be translated by even, the latter sensecomes to be the natural or even necessary one after a negativein a single clause sentence ;e. g. yasmad rt6 na sidhyatiyajn6 vipascitas cana without whom the sacrifice does notsucceed [not] even of the ivise man (i. 18") ;indram na mahnaprthivi cana prati even the earth is not equal to Indra ingreatness (i. 81*). As one of the two negatives is superfluousin a single clause sentence, cana alone occasionally doesduty for the negative mah6 cana tvam para sulkaya:deyam not even for a great reward would I give thee away(viii. 1*).a. In a few passages, even when there is no accompanyingnegative, cana throwing off its own negative sense, meanscana tat suribhir anasyam I too wouldeven, cdso : ahamacquire this with the patrons (vi. 26") ;adha cana srdddadhati therefore cdso they believe (i. 55*).a. Ill B. cana appears only after a negative in single clausesentences, in which n& cana means not even e.; g. na hainani sapdtnastvistiirsamanas cand strnute no enemij fells him even U/ough desirunj io fellhv,n 8B.\li. cana gives the interrogative an indefinite sense : kascana any one, na kas cana no one (cp. 119 b).cid is an enclitic particle very frequently used to emphasizethe preceding word.It has two senses:1.expressing that the statement is not to be expectedin regard to the word emphasized : even ;e. g. a drdham cidarujo gavyam urvam even the firm eoivstallthou hast brokenthrough (iii. 32^'^). This sense is, however, sometimes soattenuated as to be capable of being rendered by stress only ;e. g. tvam cin nah samyai bodhi svadhih be thou attentiveto our endeavour (iv.S*).