MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

ISO] CONJUNCTIVE AND ADVBL. PARTICLES 237means no one ;e. g. nakir indra tvad uttarah no one,Indra, is superior to thee (iv. 30^) ; yatha krminam nakirucchisyatai that none of the worms shall he left (AV. ii. 3P).Losing its N. sense/ it comes to be used, though less often,as a strong negative adverb meaning not at all, never ;e. g.yasya sarman nakir deva varayante na martah. in whoseprotection gods never hinder him nor mortals (iv. 17"^). Cp.makis.na-kim ^ occurs only twice in one hymn of the RV. in thesense of a strong negative adverb = not at all, never nakim:indro nikartave Indra can never be subdned (viii. 78^).na-nu occurs only tw^ice in the RV. where it has the senseof a strong negative= hi/ no means, never. In B. it occursa few times asan interrogative expecting assent (= nonne),not?; e.g. nanu susruma have we not heard? (SB.),na-hi, as the compounded form of na hi, occurs only in V.,where it sometimes has the sense of for not ; e. g. nahi tvasatruh starate for no foe strilces thee down (i. 129"^). Morecommonly it emphatically negatives a statement as somethingwell known = certainly not, by no means, as appears mostclearly at the beginning of a hymn ; e. g.nahi vo astyarbhako, d^vasah not one of you, gods, is small (viii. 30^).«. This compounded form never occurs in B., where n£ hi alone isfound. On the other hand, na hi seems never to occur in V.nama is used adverbially in the following two senses :1. by name ; e.g. sa ha sruta indro nama devah that godfamous as Indra by name (ii. 20'') ;k6 nama^asi zvho art thoubyname? (VS. vii. 29). 2. namely, indeed, verily; e.g. ajasrogharmo havir asmi nama I am constant heat, namely theoblation (iii. 26") mam dhur;indram nama devata theyhave placed me among the gods verily as Indra (x.49^).'Pi-obably because the N. has no longer an independent existencecoupled with the fact that the pronoun ki has gone out of use exceptin the one form ki-m.•Probably A. n. of nfi-kis with lengthened vowel.