MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

162-163] GERUNDIVE 187which remains unaltered except when it ends in a vowel :thus dvis-enya malignant, yud.h-6nya to he combatted, drsenyaworthy to he seen ;but var-enya choiceivorthij (vr choose).It is once added to an aor. stem :yam-s-enya to he guided( v/yam). Secondary verbs also take this suffix ;desideratives :didrks-6nya ivorthij to he seen, susrus-6nya deservingheard; intensives: marmrj-6nya to he glorified, vavrdh-6nya to he glorified ;denominatives :sapar-6nya to headored.to he4. tv-a, almost restricted to the RV.^ and generally to beread tua, is added to the strong form of the root, which isaccented. Thus kar-tva to he made, h6-tva to he driven on(\/hi), so-tva to he pressed [Vsu], vak-tva to he said; withconnecting i : san-i-tva to he -won ;with connectingi :bhav-i-tva -future.5. The only two examples in V. (both occurring in AV.)of the gerundive in tavya, which in both cases is addedwith connecting i, are jan-i-tavyato he horn and hims-itavyatohe injured.^6. The only examples of the gerundive in aniya (bothappearing in the AV.) are upa-jiv-aniya to he subsisted onand a-mantr-aniya ivorthy to he addressed.^III.Gerund or Indeclinable Participle.163. More than 120 examples of the gerund occur inthe RV. and AV. It expresses an action which accompaniesor more often precedes that of the finite verb. It is formedwith the three suffixes tvi, tva, tvaya (all old cases of stems1A few examplesoccur in the Brahmanas : j^-tva ( ji conquer),sna-tva (sna bathe), ban- tva (han slay).^With i instead of i.*This gerundive has become not uncommon in B., where it isformed not only from the root, but from secondary stems.*In B. nearly a dozen examples have been met with.