MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

178-179] ADVERBS 211infrequently extension of space or time,aktii-bhis hi/ night, div-a dtj day.as agrena in front,a. The substantive instrumentals are chiefly formed from femininesnaktaya by night.b. The adjective instrumentals are formed from stems in a andin a not otherwise used, as rtaya in the right waij,a few in c ; e.g. ucca and ucciis on high, pasca beltind, madhya in themidst, sanais slowhj ; pvko-a. forwards. Tliere are also several anomalousfcaiinines from stems in u and one or two in i ; e.g. asu-y-a siviftlij,raghu-y-a rapidUj, sadhu-y-a straight, urviy-a/rtr.c. The pronominal instrumentals are formed from stems in a andone in u ; e. g. ana tints, ama at home, aya thus, kaya how ?, ubhaya inboth wags ; amu-y-a in tiiat wag.4. Dat. : the adverbial use of the dat. is rare :aparayafor the future (from apara later), varaya accordingto ivish(vara choice).5. Abl. : these adverbs are seldom formed from substantives,as arat from a distance, asat from near ;or frompronouns, amat from near, at then, tat thus, yat as far as ;but they are fairly often formed from adjectives, as uttaratfrom the north, dUrat from afar, pascat from behind, sanatfrom of old, saksat visihly.6. Gen. : such adverbs are very rare aktos : hg night,vastos in the morning.7. Log. :agre in front, astam-ik6 at home, ak6 near, ar6afar, rte without, dur6 afar;aparisu in future.Adverbs formed with Suffixes.179, The suffixes more or less commonlyformation of adverbs may be groupedexpressed by the instr., abl., and loc. cases.used in theunder the senses1. Instr. : tha forms adverbs of manner especially frompronominal stems : a-tha and more commonly (with shortenedvowel) a-tha then, i-t-tha thus, ima-tha in this manner,ka-tha how ?, ta-tha thus, ya-tha in ivhich manner, anya-thaotherivise, visva-tha in every ivay ;urdhva-tha upwards,p2