MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

209] GERUNDIVE 381ii use unkuowu to the RV. This gerundive is always without a verb,being unaccompanied by forms of as or bhu in B. ;e. g. bahu d^yammuch (is) to he (jicen (MS.).2. Tlie gerundive in tva in the RV. implies necessity orpossibility and is often used in contrast with the past but;it is not found accompanied by a verb (as or bhu) or a nounexpressing the agente.; g. ripavo hantvasah. the enemy areto he Villed (iii. 30^^) ; yo nantvany anaman ny ojasa whohy his might lent what could he lent (ii. 24^) ; tad visvamabhibhur asi yaj jatam yac ca jantvam thou surpassest allthat has leen lorn and that -is to he lorn (viii. 89'^).a. The only meaning that seems to be expressed by this gerundivein B. is possibility; e.g. snatvam udakdm water that can be bathed in(6b.); no asya^anyad dhotvam asit pranat and he had nothing else thatcould be offered but breath (MS.).3. The gerundive in ayya, found in the RV. only, sometimesappears accompanied by an agent in the inst.or thedat. ;e. g. daksayyo nrbhih to le propitiated ly men (i. 129^) ;daksayyo dasvate dama a who is to Ic ])ropitiated ly thepious man in his house (ii.4^).4. The form in enya, almost restricted to the RV, maybe accompanied by an agent in the inst. ;e. g. agnir ilenyogira Agni to le praised with song (i. 79^) ; abhyayams6nyabhavatam manlsibhih le ivilling to le drawn near ly thedevout (i.34^).a. It is once or twice also found in B. ;thus vacam udyasam susrtis^nyamI imuld utter a speech worthy to be heard (TS.).5. The gerundive in tavya, which is not found in theRV. at occurs all, only twice in the AV. : thus na brahmanohimsitavyah a Brahmin is not to le injured (AV. v.18*^).a. In B. it is frequent and used much in the same way as the formin ya here it is also used; impersonally and with the agent in theinst. e. ; g. putro yajayayitavyah a son must be made to sacrifice (MS.) ;agnicita paksino B^j^^asitavyam anAcjnkit should not eat {any part) of abird (^MS.), pasuvrateua bhavitavyam (MS.) he should act after the manner of