Modern Engineering Thermodynamics

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Index Page numbers followed by f indicates a figure, t indicates a table and n indicates a footnote. A Absolute entropy scale, 206, 622 Absolute molar specific entropy, 622–623 Absolute pressure, 15, 40, 42 Absolute temperature scale, 8, 40, 212–216 Absolute zero, 40, 622, 754 Absorption refrigeration, 560–562 Absorptivity coefficients, 561, 583 Acetylene, 597f Active transport, 695 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 699 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 699 Adiabatic device cylinder steam engine, 457 heat exchanger, 184–186 Adiabatic flame temperature, 613–618 Adiabatic process, 127 entropy of, 298 evaporative humidification, 420 filling, 300 Adiabatic saturation temperature, 420–422 Adiabatic saturator, 420–421 Adiabatic system, 133, 184 Adiabatic throttling devices, 180, 284 Aeolipile, 474 Aergonic device heat exchanger, 290 nozzles and diffusers, 175 throttling device as, 180 Aergonic flow adiabatic, 305 isothermal, constant specific heat liquids, 305 isothermal, ideal gases, 305 Aergonic process, 108 Aging, 716–721 Air conditioner, 217, 536 characteristics of, 536f Air conditioning, 424–425, 567, 575 Air standard cycle (ASC), 487 closed-loop, 486, 487f refrigeration, 568 Alchemy, 592 Algae, efficiency of, 701 Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 597 Alkanes, 597 Alkenes, 597 Alkynes, 597 Allotropic forms, 65 Alternating electrical current, 117 Amagat, Emile, 413 Amagat compressibility factor, 433 partial volume ðV Ai Þ, 433 Amagat’s law, 413 mixture of real gases, 430–438 Amagat specific volume, 433 Ampere, Andre Marie, 593 Ampere (A), defined, 639 Angular displacement vector, 112 Angular momentum, 101t, 748 Area, 695t, 787–788t Aromatic hydrocarbons, 597 Arrow of time, 206 ASHRAE numbers, 549 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 159, 481 Atkinson cycle, 508–509 Atmospheric engines, 451 gas, 454 Atoms, 43, 206, 548, 597, 694 ATP-ADP cycle, 539f, 699 Availability, 65, 319–320 balance, 320 closed system, 327–331 open system, 334–335 chemical, 641–642 flow, 331–333 specific, 324 Availability function (A), 324 Average molecular velocity, 729 Average specific enthalpy, 194 Avogadro, Amado, 593, 730 Avogadro’s law, 593–594 Avogadro’s number, (N o ), 37, 593, 696 Avoirdupois, 12 Azimuthal quantum number, 748 B Balance concept, 33, 44–46 Balmer, R.T., 304n Basal metabolic rate (BMR), 702, 704 of the organs, adult human body, 703t Beattie-Bridgeman equation, 384 Beattie-Bridgeman gas, 83 Becher, Johann Jochim, 148 Bending stresses, leg bone, 711 Bends, 416 Benz, Karl Friedrich, 503 Bernoulli, Daniel, 305 Bernoulli equation, 305 Berthelot, Pierre, 374 Berthelot equation, 83, 374–375 Binary cycle system, 483 Biological size and BMR, 702, 704 Biological systems, 693, 699–702 Birds, respiratory systems, 712 Black object, defined, 129 Blade erosion, 480 Body forces, 674 Bohr, Niels, 728, 748 Bohr model, 748 Boltzmann, Ludwig, 728 Boltzmann’s constant, 705, 750 Bomb calorimeter, 607, 608f, 706 Bose-Einstein model, 749 Boulton, Matthew, 453 Boyle, Robert, 41, 397 Boyle-Charles ideal gas equation, 397–398 Boyle’s law, 387 Brake power, Otto cycle, 505 Brayton, George, 495 Brayton cycle, 495–499 reversed, 569–572 Brinkman, H. C., 278 Brinkman number, 278 C Calories, 708, 710 Calorimetry bomb, 607, 608f, 706, 706f indirect, 703 steady state, steady flow, aergonic, 607 Capacitor, electrical work mode value, 120 Carbohydrates, 705 Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi, 208 Carnot cycle, 227, 537–539, 561 air standard cycle, 487, 487f power cycle, 456–457 and Rankine cycle compared, 457, 458f, 466, 467f Carnot heat engine, 254 heat pump as a, 217 Carnot isentropic efficiency, 517 Carnot thermal efficiency, 456, 537 Cascade vapor-compression, 554 Case studies, 296, 302 an accident, 24 drinking bird, 520–521, 520f, 521f entropy production in open systems, 302 GE-IA, 523 GE90, 522 793
794 Index Case studies (Cont.) hydrodynamic flow systems, 305 Sandia hypervelocity gun, 25 Stanley steamer, 519–520 Stirling engine, 523–524 vortex tube, 302 Cavitation process, 315 C (coulomb), 17, 697 Cells, 636–641 ion gradients across membranes, 695 thermodynamics of biological, 695–699 Celsius, Anders, 40 Celsius temperature scale, 8 Center of gravity, 48 Centrifugal governor, 454 CFC’s, 552–554 Change of state, entropy produced by, 250 Characteristic temperature diatomic materials, 753t rotational, 753t vibrational, 753t Charge (q), 38, 100, 117, 696 Charles, Jacques, 41, 56 Charles’ law, 397 Charts, generalized, 384–396 Chemical equilibrium, 634–635 and dissociation, 626–634 Chemical potential, 696, 697 Chemical thermodynamics, 591–645 Chemical units, 14–15, 25 Chemical work, 122–123 Choked flow, 652, 665–669 Circulatory system, 711 Clapeyron, Benoit Pierre Emile, 370 Clapeyron-Clausius equation, 371 Clapeyron equation, 370–372 Clausius, Rudolph, 210, 211, 218, 456, 728 Clausius equation, 83 Clausius inequality, 221 Clerk, Dugald, 503 Closed loop, 470, 486, 488, 490 Closed system, 35, 56, 148 applications availability, 327–331 first law, 147 second law, 249 availability, 327–331 balance equation, 135, 138 defined, 105, 323 entropy for, 219, 240 mass in, 133 time derivative, 670 real irreversible, heat engine, 214 stationary, 362 unsteady state processes, 157–159 Coefficient of performance (COP), 217–218, 537 Collision, 732–734 cross section, 732, 732f, 759 frequency, 733–734, 742 probability, 743 Combinations, two die, 742t Combustion, 486, 507, 609t, 610t amount of air required, 595 of a typical hydrocarbon, 596 Compensation law, 719 Compensation temperature, 719 Compounding (series staging), 466 Compound probability, 744 Compressibility of gases, 386 Compressibility factor (Z), 384–396, 433 Compressible flow defined, 652 fluid, 652 Compression loading, leg bones, 711 Compression of a pure gas, 127 work, 109 Compressor, 316t, 542, 548 Condensation, 69, 664 Condensation shock, 664 Condenser, 185, 453, 488, 581 Conditional probability, 744 Conduction heat transfer, 128, 322 Conductor, 116, 769 Conservation, 46–50, 100–101 of charge, 46 of energy, 46, 48, 171–173 of mass, 46, 50–51, 133, 171–173 in wet airstreams, 428 for an incompressible fluid, 178 of momentum, 48 Conservative fields, 320–321 Conservative forces, 321 Constant volume, 91, 220, 335, 377, 408, 613 Constitutive equations, 236 Container system boundary, 148 Continuous rate processes, 124 Continuum hypothesis, 43, 126 Convection heat transfer, 198t coefficient of, 129 Converging-diverging flows, 660–664 Converging-diverging nozzle diameter ratio variation, 668, 668f normal shock waves from, 675 pressure distribution, 675f Copper, beta and kappa for, 61 Cotton gin, 449 Coulomb (C), 16 Coulomb’s law, 354 Coupled phenomena, 763–784 Critical condition (throat), 662 Critical height of trees, 669 Critical mass fraction, 294, 295f Critical opalescence, 70 Critical point, 384 Critical region, 70f Critical state properties of, 70t pseudo specific volume, 386 specific volume, 68 Curie constant (C), 144 Curie substance, 144 Curr, John, 528 Curtis, Charles Gordon, 476 c (velocity of light), 738, 748 Cycle. See also Air standard cycle (ASC); Atkinson cycle; ATP-ADP cycle; Binary cycle system; Brayton cycle; Carnot cycle; Diesel cycle; Ericsson cycle; Gas power cycles; Heat engine cycle; Lenoir cycle; Newcomen cycle; Otto cycle; Power cycles; Rankine cycle; Refrigeration cycle; Stirling cycle mechanical, 39 thermodynamic, 39, 212, 457, 502 D Dalton, John, 413, 593 Dalton compressibility factor, partial pressure (p Di ), 431 Dalton’s law, 414 mixtures of real gases, 435 Dalton specific volume (v Di ), 431 Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, 314 Davy, Humphry, 764t Death, 716–721 Death rate constant, 718–719 de Broglie, Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 748 Debye, Peter, 728 Deficit air, 595, 597 Degeneracy (energy level), 749–750 Degree of superheat, 467 Degrees of freedom gases, 756 linear polyatomic molecules, 756 nonlinear polyatomic molecules, 758 Degree symbol, use of, 17 Dehumidification, 425f, 427 DeLaval, Carl Gustaf Patrik, 476 DeLaval impulse turbine, 476, 477f Density, 83, 174, 651, 655 Dew point, 418 water vapor and dry air mixtures, 418f Diamagnetic materials, 120 Dielectric materials, 116 Diesel, Rudolf Christian Karl, 512 Diesel cycle, 512–516 air standard, 513f Dieterici equation, 83 Diethyl ether, 547 Differential entropy balance, 227–229 Diffuser efficiency, 683–684 Diffuser pressure recovery coefficient (C p ), 684 Diffusers subsonic, 662, 684 supersonic, 661, 685 thermodynamic process path, 684f Diffusion, mixing by, and entropy, 271 Dimensional analysis, 6 Dimensions, 6, 11 Dipstick heater, 276 Direct calorimetry, 703 Dissipative flow hydraulic, 300 viscous, 179 Dissociation and chemical equilibrium, 626–634 versus equilibrium temperature, 632 versus reaction pressure, 632t Double-acting cylinder, 520 Duality principle of matter, 749 Duty (engine), 452, 526 Dyne, defined, 11
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics R
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Dedication WHAT IS AN ENGINEER AND
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Contents PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
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Contents ix 7.6 Heat Engines Runnin
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Contents xi 14.13 Air Standard Gas
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Preface TEXT OBJECTIVES This textbo
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Preface xv Step 5. Write down the b
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Acknowledgments I wish to acknowled
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Resources That Accompany This Book
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List of Symbols A a B COP CR c c p
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Prologue PARIS FRANCE, 10:35 AM, AU
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CHAPTER 1 The Beginning CONTENTS 1.
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1.2 Why Is Thermodynamics Important
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1.3 Getting Answers: A Basic Proble
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1.5 How Do We Measure Things? 7 bei
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1.6 Temperature Units 9 THE DEVELOP
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1.7 Classical Mechanical and Electr
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1.7 Classical Mechanical and Electr
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1.9 Modern Units Systems 15 where M
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1.10 Significant Figures 17 CRITICA
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1.10 Significant Figures 19 WHAT AB
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1.11 Potential and Kinetic Energies
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1.11 Potential and Kinetic Energies
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Summary 25 FIGURE 1.19 Case study 1
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Problems 27 Problems (* indicates p
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Problems 29 14. Determine the mass
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Problems 31 49. Using the CGS units
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CHAPTER 2 Thermodynamic Concepts CO
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2.3 Phases of Matter 35 System boun
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2.4 System States and Thermodynamic
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2.6 Thermodynamic Processes 39 WHAT
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2.7 Pressure and Temperature Scales
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2.9 The Continuum Hypothesis 43 Sur
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2.10 The Balance Concept 45 Solutio
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2.11 The Conservation Concept 47 or
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2.11 The Conservation Concept 49 Th
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Summary 51 change in the mass of X
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Problems 53 Problems (* indicates p
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Problems 55 and Death rate = α 2 +
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CHAPTER 3 Thermodynamic Properties
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3.3 Fun with Mathematics 59 CRITICA
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3.4 Some Exciting New Thermodynamic
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3.6 Enthalpy 63 WHO WAS AMALIE EMMY
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 65 WHO WAS EMMY
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Pressure Vapor 3.7 Phase Diagrams 6
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 69 WHAT IS A “
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 71 considerable
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3.8 Quality 73 10 5 300 C Critical
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3.8 Quality 75 Although Eq. (3.26)
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3.9 Thermodynamic Equations of Stat
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3.10 Thermodynamic Tables 85 Critic
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3.12 Thermodynamic Charts 87 vð100
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3.13 Thermodynamic Property Softwar
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Summary 91 and e = E/m = u + V2 2g
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Problems 93 c. For a saturated mixt
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Problems 95 specific enthalpy of sa
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Problems 97 Table 3.23 Problem 65 M
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CHAPTER 4 The First Law of Thermody
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4.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
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4.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
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4.4 Energy Transport Mechanisms 105
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4.5 Point and Path Functions 107 4.
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4.6 Mechanical Work Modes of Energy
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4.7 Nonmechanical Work Modes of Ene
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4.9 Work Efficiency 125 In the case
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4.12 Heat Modes of Energy Transport
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4.13 Heat Transfer Modes 129 Table
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4.14 A Thermodynamic Problem Solvin
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4.14 A Thermodynamic Problem Solvin
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4.15 How to Write a Thermodynamics
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4.15 How to Write a Thermodynamics
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Summary 139 The general open system
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Problems 141 11.* Determine the hea
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Problems 143 where K = 0.810 lbf. D
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Problems 145 Table 4.12 Problem 67
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CHAPTER 5 First Law Closed System A
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5.2 Sealed, Rigid Containers 149 In
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5.4 Power Plants 151 Step 7. Calcul
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5.5 Incompressible Liquids 153 The
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1Q 2 − 1 W 2 = mðu 2 − u 1 Þ
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5.8 Closed System Unsteady State Pr
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5.9 The Explosive Energy of Pressur
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Problems 161 Problems (* indicates
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Problems 163 31. A thermoelectric g
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Problems 165 where v, T, and r are
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CHAPTER 6 First Law Open System App
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6.2 Mass Flow Energy Transport 169
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6.3 Conservation of Energy and Cons
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6.4 Flow Stream Specific Kinetic an
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6.5 Nozzles and Diffusers 175 m (a)
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6.5 Nozzles and Diffusers 177 We ar
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6.6 Throttling Devices 179 These as
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6.6 Throttling Devices 181 For an i
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6.7 Throttling Calorimeter 183 The
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6.8 Heat Exchangers 185 Convective
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6.9 Shaft Work Machines 187 6.9 SHA
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6.9 Shaft Work Machines 189 1 Basem
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6.10 Open System Unsteady State Pro
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Problems 197 we have _m R / _m D =
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Problems 201 32.* A commercial slid
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Summary 203 59. Incompressible liqu
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CHAPTER 7 Second Law of Thermodynam
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7.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamic
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7.4 Carnot’s Heat Engine and the
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7.4 Carnot’s Heat Engine and the
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7.5 The Absolute Temperature Scale
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7.5 The Absolute Temperature Scale
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7.6 Heat Engines Running Backward 2
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7.7 Clausius’s Definition of Entr
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7.8 Numerical Values for Entropy 22
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7.10 Differential Entropy Balance 2
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7.11 Heat Transport of Entropy 229
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7.13 Entropy Production Mechanisms
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7.14 Heat Transfer Production of En
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7.15 Work Mode Production of Entrop
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7.15 Work Mode Production of Entrop
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7.16 Phase Change Entropy Productio
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Summary 241 ■ Indirect method inv
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Problems 243 amount of work W irr i
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Problems 245 a. If the heat pump is
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Problems 247 51. Develop a program
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CHAPTER 8 Second Law Closed System
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8.2 Systems Undergoing Reversible P
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8.3 Systems Undergoing Irreversible
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8.4 Diffusional Mixing 271 Exercise
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Summary 273 Note that this example
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Problems 275 15. A 20.0 ft 3 tank c
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Problems 277 46. a. Determine a for
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CHAPTER 9 Second Law Open System Ap
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9.4 Open System Entropy Balance Equ
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9.4 Open System Entropy Balance Equ
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9.5 Nozzles, Diffusers, and Throttl
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9.5 Nozzles, Diffusers, and Throttl
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9.6 Heat Exchangers 289 Exercises 1
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9.6 Heat Exchangers 291 (T H ) (T H
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9.7 Mixing 293 Now, _m air is given
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9.7 Mixing 295 Critical value of y,
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9.9 Unsteady State Processes in Ope
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Problems 309 Multiplying this equat
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Problems 311 entropy production rat
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Problems 313 heat is added to the b
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Problems 315 55.* Determine the max
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Problems 317 The cavitation process
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CHAPTER 10 Availability Analysis CO
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10.3 What Are Conservative Forces?
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10.6 Availability 323 WHAT IS A SYS
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10.6 Availability 325 and the total
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10.7 Closed System Availability Bal
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10.7 Closed System Availability Bal
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10.8 Flow Availability 331 EXAMPLE
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s − s 0 = c ln T T 0 10.8 Flow Av
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10.10 Modified Availability Rate Ba
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10.10 Modified Availability Rate Ba
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10.11 Energy Efficiency Based on th
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Summary 351 In this problem, we hav
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Summary 353 7. The general open sys
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Problems 355 12.5 Btu/hr·ft ·R. I
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Problems 357 flow rate of 15.0 lbm/
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Problems 359 85. Create a specific
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CHAPTER 11 More Thermodynamic Relat
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11.2 Two New Properties: Helmholtz
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11.2 Two New Properties: Helmholtz
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11.4 Maxwell Equations 367 11.4 MAX
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11.4 Maxwell Equations 369 then,
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11.5 The Clapeyron Equation 371 and
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11.6 Determining u, h, and s from p
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11.7 Constructing Tables and Charts
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11.8 Thermodynamic Charts 381 so th
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11.9 Gas Tables 383 where p r is th
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11.10 Compressibility Factor and Ge
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11.11 Is Steam Ever an Ideal Gas? 3
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Summary 399 equation, and a series
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Problems 401 20.* Estimate h fg for
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Problems 403 Design Problems The fo
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CHAPTER 12 Mixtures of Gases and Va
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12.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Ga
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12.3 Mixtures of Ideal Gases 413 Th
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12.3 Mixtures of Ideal Gases 415 Co
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12.4 Psychrometrics 417 Finally, th
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12.4 Psychrometrics 419 EXAMPLE 12.
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12.6 The Sling Psychrometer 421 The
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12.6 The Sling Psychrometer 423 p w
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12.7 Air Conditioning 425 WHAT ENVI
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12.8 Psychrometric Enthalpies 427 E
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12.8 Psychrometric Enthalpies 429 o
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 431 Whe
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 433 and
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 435 The
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 437 Sol
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Summary 439 Last, we combine Dalton
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Problems 443 exhaust gas is an idea
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Problems 445 57.* Cooling towers ar
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CHAPTER 13 Vapor and Gas Power Cycl
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13.2 Part I. Engines and Vapor Powe
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13.4 Rankine Cycle 457 A B Reversib
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 459 For
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 461 13.
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 463 b.
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 465 Sta
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13.6 Rankine Cycle with Superheat 4
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13.7 Rankine Cycle with Regeneratio
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13.8 The Development of the Steam T
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13.9 Rankine Cycle with Reheat 477
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13.9 Rankine Cycle with Reheat 479
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13.10 Modern Steam Power Plants 481
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13.12 Air Standard Power Cycles 487
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13.13 Stirling Cycle 489 Q H 4 1 4
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13.14 Ericsson Cycle 491 Q H 4 1 3
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13.15 Lenoir Cycle 493 Exercises 28
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13.16 Brayton Cycle 495 Solution Us
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13.16 Brayton Cycle 497 Equation (7
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13.17 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
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13.17 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
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13.18 Otto Cycle 503 T Q H 1 1 1 v
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13.18 Otto Cycle 505 Exercises 40.
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13.18 Otto Cycle 507 and, since the
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13.20 Miller Cycle 509 13.19.1 Mode
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13.20 Miller Cycle 511 Then, from F
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13.21 Diesel Cycle 513 to stroll on
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13.21 Diesel Cycle 515 Solution a.
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13.22 Modern Prime Mover Developmen
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13.23 Second Law Analysis of Vapor
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Summary 525 Fill port 160 mm End of
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Problems 527 7. The thermal efficie
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efficiency increase if the condense
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Problems 531 horsepower hour. Assum
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Problems 533 72. Determine the valu
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CHAPTER 14 Vapor and Gas Refrigerat
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14.3 Carnot Refrigeration Cycle 537
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14.4 In the Beginning There Was Ice
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14.4 In the Beginning There Was Ice
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14.5 Vapor-Compression Refrigeratio
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14.5 Vapor-Compression Refrigeratio
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14.6 Refrigerants 547 T 3 2s 2 p 3
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14.7 Refrigerant Numbers 549 14.7 R
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14.7 Refrigerant Numbers 551 R-110
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14.8 CFCs and the Ozone Layer 553 H
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14.9 Cascade and Multistage Vapor-C
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14.10 Absorption Refrigeration 561
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14.11 Commercial and Household Refr
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14.14 Reversed Brayton Cycle Refrig
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14.14 Reversed Brayton Cycle Refrig
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14.15 Reversed Stirling Cycle Refri
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14.16 Miscellaneous Refrigeration T
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14.16 Miscellaneous Refrigeration T
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14.18 Second Law Analysis of Refrig
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14.18 Second Law Analysis of Refrig
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2. The coefficient of performance o
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Problems 585 13.* A refrigeration u
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Problems 587 Loop B Station 1B Stat
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Problems 589 under these conditions
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CHAPTER 15 Chemical Thermodynamics
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15.2 Stoichiometric Equations 593 1
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15.2 Stoichiometric Equations 595 C
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15.3 Organic Fuels 597 ANSWERS SOME
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15.4 Fuel Modeling 599 Hydrocarbon
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15.4 Fuel Modeling 601 equation, si
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15.5 Standard Reference State 603 I
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15.6 Heat of Formation 605 and H 2
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 607 EXAMPLE 1
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 609 CRITICAL
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 611 Then, h P
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15.8 Adiabatic Flame Temperature 61
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15.9 Maximum Explosion Pressure 619
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15.10 Entropy Production in Chemica
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15.10 Entropy Production in Chemica
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15.11 Entropy of Formation and Gibb
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15.12 Chemical Equilibrium and Diss
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H 2 O !ð1 − yÞH 2 O + yðv H2
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15.14 The van’t Hoff Equation 635
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15.15 Fuel Cells 637 Anode Electrol
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15.15 Fuel Cells 639 The maximum po
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15.16 Chemical Availability 641 and
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ðn i /n fuel Þðc pi Þ E system
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Problems 645 where j = 4n + m kgmol
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Problems 647 c. The percent excess
Page 674 and 675:
Problems 649 77. Determine the mola
Page 676 and 677:
CHAPTER 16 Compressible Fluid Flow
Page 678 and 679:
16.3 Isentropic Stagnation Properti
Page 680 and 681:
16.4 The Mach Number 655 Note that
Page 682 and 683:
16.4 The Mach Number 657 Table 16.1
Page 684 and 685:
16.4 The Mach Number 659 Since for
Page 686 and 687:
16.5 Converging-Diverging Flows 661
Page 688 and 689:
16.5 Converging-Diverging Flows 663
Page 690 and 691:
16.6 Choked Flow 665 T a a p a = co
Page 692 and 693:
16.6 Choked Flow 667 Exercises 16.
Page 694 and 695:
16.7 Reynolds Transport Theorem 669
Page 696 and 697:
16.7 Reynolds Transport Theorem 671
Page 698 and 699:
16.8 Linear Momentum Rate Balance 6
Page 700 and 701:
16.9 Shock Waves 675 16.9 SHOCK WAV
Page 702 and 703:
16.9 Shock Waves 677 and, for an id
Page 704 and 705:
16.9 Shock Waves 679 6 5 4 S P /(m
Page 706 and 707:
16.10 Nozzle and Diffuser Efficienc
Page 708 and 709:
16.10 Nozzle and Diffuser Efficienc
Page 710 and 711:
Summary 685 Since for a diffuser, M
Page 712 and 713:
Page 714 and 715:
43. 0.800 lbm/s of air passes throu
Page 716 and 717:
Problems 691 A plot of this functio
Page 718 and 719:
CHAPTER 17 Thermodynamics of Biolog
Page 720 and 721:
17.3 Thermodynamics of Biological C
Page 722 and 723:
17.3 Thermodynamics of Biological C
Page 724 and 725:
17.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency o
Page 726 and 727:
17.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency o
Page 728 and 729:
17.5 Metabolism 703 Table 17.3 Brea
Page 730 and 731:
17.6 Thermodynamics of Nutrition an
Page 732 and 733:
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
17.7 Limits to Biological Growth 71
Page 738 and 739:
17.7 Limits to Biological Growth 71
Page 740 and 741:
17.8 Locomotion Transport Number 71
Page 742 and 743:
17.9 Thermodynamics of Aging and De
Page 744 and 745:
17.9 Thermodynamics of Aging and De
Page 746 and 747:
1/3 V most efficient = P o ρAC D S
Page 748 and 749:
Problems 723 a. If the monster cons
Page 750 and 751:
Problems 725 the officer asks Paul
Page 752 and 753:
CHAPTER 18 Introduction to Statisti
Page 754 and 755:
18.3 Kinetic Theory of Gases 729 3.
Page 756 and 757:
U trans = 3 2 NkT (Continued ) 18.3
Page 758 and 759:
18.4 Intermolecular Collisions 733
Page 760 and 761:
18.5 Molecular Velocity Distributio
Page 762 and 763:
18.5 Molecular Velocity Distributio
Page 764 and 765:
18.6 Equipartition of Energy 739 We
Page 766 and 767:
18.7 Introduction to Mathematical P
Page 768 and 769: 18.7 Introduction to Mathematical P
Page 770 and 771: 18.7 Introduction to Mathematical P
Page 772 and 773: 18.8 Quantum Statistical Thermodyna
Page 774 and 775: 18.9 Three Classical Quantum Statis
Page 776 and 777: 18.11 Monatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann G
Page 778 and 779: 18.12 Diatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann Ga
Page 780 and 781: 18.12 Diatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann Ga
Page 782 and 783: 18.13 Polyatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann
Page 784 and 785: Summary 759 In this chapter, we sum
Page 786 and 787: Problems 761 4. Find the temperatur
Page 788 and 789: CHAPTER 19 Introduction to Coupled
Page 790 and 791: 19.3 Linear Phenomenological Equati
Page 792 and 793: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 767 Eq
Page 794 and 795: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 769 Th
Page 796 and 797: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 771 wh
Page 798 and 799: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 773 Th
Page 800 and 801: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 775 b.
Page 802 and 803: 19.5 Thermomechanical Coupling 777
Page 808 and 809: water), it seems reasonable that li
Page 810 and 811: Problems 785 b. For a Knudson gas,
Page 812 and 813: Appendix A: Physical Constants and
Page 814 and 815: Appendix B: Greek and Latin Origins
Page 816 and 817: Appendix B 791 Table B.4 Plural End
Page 820 and 821: Index 795 E e (specific energy), 10
Page 822 and 823: Index 797 Isobaric coefficient of v
Page 824 and 825: Index 799 Ranque, Georges Joseph, 3
Page 826 and 827: Index 801 William III, King of Engl
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics

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