Modern Engineering Thermodynamics

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Contents
3.9 Thermodynamic Equations of State ............................................76
3.10 Thermodynamic Tables . . . ..................................................84
3.11 How Do You Determine the “Thermodynamic State”?..............................86
3.12 Thermodynamic Charts . . . ..................................................87
3.13 Thermodynamic Property Software ............................................89
Summary . ...................................................................90
CHAPTER 4 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Energy Transport Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.1 Introducción (Introduction). .................................................100
4.2 Emmy Noether and the Conservation Laws of Physics . ...........................100
4.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics ...........................................101
4.4 Energy Transport Mechanisms . . . ...........................................104
4.5 Point and Path Functions . . .................................................107
4.6 Mechanical Work Modes of Energy Transport . . . ................................108
4.7 Nonmechanical Work Modes of Energy Transport ................................116
4.8 Power Modes of Energy Transport. ...........................................124
4.9 Work Efficiency . . . .......................................................124
4.10 The Local Equilibrium Postulate . . ...........................................126
4.11 The State Postulate .......................................................127
4.12 Heat Modes of Energy Transport . . ...........................................127
4.13 Heat Transfer Modes ......................................................128
4.14 A Thermodynamic Problem Solving Technique . . ................................130
4.15 How to Write a Thermodynamics Problem. .....................................134
Summary . ..................................................................138
CHAPTER 5 First Law Closed System Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5.1 Introduction . . ............................................................147
5.2 Sealed, Rigid Containers . . . .................................................148
5.3 Electrical Devices. . . .......................................................150
5.4 Power Plants . ............................................................151
5.5 Incompressible Liquids .....................................................152
5.6 Ideal Gases . . ............................................................154
5.7 Piston-Cylinder Devices .....................................................155
5.8 Closed System Unsteady State Processes . ......................................157
5.9 The Explosive Energy of Pressure Vessels ......................................159
Summary . ..................................................................160
CHAPTER 6 First Law Open System Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
6.1 Introduction . ............................................................167
6.2 Mass Flow Energy Transport ................................................168
6.3 Conservation of Energy and Conservation of Mass Equations for Open Systems . . . .....171
6.4 Flow Stream Specific Kinetic and Potential Energies . . . ...........................173
6.5 Nozzles and Diffusers. .....................................................174
6.6 Throttling Devices . .......................................................179
6.7 Throttling Calorimeter .....................................................182
6.8 Heat Exchangers . . .......................................................184
6.9 Shaft Work Machines ......................................................187
6.10 Open System Unsteady State Processes . ......................................190
Summary . ..................................................................197
CHAPTER 7
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy Transport
andProductionMechanisms .........................................205
7.1 Introduction . ............................................................205
7.2 What Is Entropy? . . .......................................................206
7.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics . . . ......................................207
7.4 Carnot’s Heat Engine and the Second Law of Thermodynamics .....................208
7.5 The Absolute Temperature Scale . . ...........................................212