Modern Engineering Thermodynamics

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Index 795 E e (specific energy), 102, 707 E (total energy), 46, 62, 102, 106, 168, 749 E G (energy gain), 102 Edison, Thomas Alva, 477, 638 Effective molecular radius, 733t Effective voltage, 117–118 Efficiency, Defined, 460t of biological systems, 699–702 of food energy conversion, 706 of fuel cells, 636 of locomotion, 714, 716 of nozzle and diffuser systems, 681–685 second law, 340, 343, 345, 347 thermal. See Thermal efficiency work, 124–126 Efficiency ratio, power plant, 482 Einstein, Albert, 84 Einstein’s mass-energy relation, 748 Elastic modulus (γ), 713 Elastic work, 114–115 Electrical device example, 150–151 problem, 150 Electrical resistance, 125, 238, 770 Electrical resistivity, 238, 770 Electrical units current, fundamental units, 10 fundamental equations, 10 Electrical work current flow work, 117–118 polarization work, 118–120 Electric dipoles, 116 Electric field strength vector, (E), 118 Electric permittivity of a vacuum, 119 Electric potential, 117 Electric susceptibility, 119 various materials, 119t Electrochemical work, cell, 696 Electrodynamic, 782 Electrohydrodynamic coupling, 782–783 Electron spin quantum number, 748 Electrostatic equilibrium, 38 Emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen, 748 Emissivity, 129 Empedocles, 592 Endothermic reaction, 606 Energy balance general closed system, 108, 135 modified, 173, 282 Energy content basic food components, 707 common foods, 708 Energy conversion direct, 123, 701, 764 efficiency (η), 125, 340, 699–702 heat pump, 217, 339 nozzle, 174 Energy gain (E G ), 102 Energy level, degeneracy of, 749 Energy rate balance and biological rate of energy expenditure, 713 in a closed system, general, 108, 135, 138 equation for, 171, 285, 287 of life, 699 in a living cell, 698 modified, 172, 178, 296 in a nonequilibrium system, 104 in an open system, 698–699 general, 139, 171 in wet airstreams, 428 Energy rates of the primitive earth, 695 Energy transport heat modes of, 127–128 in living systems, 699f mechanical work modes, 108–116 mechanisms, 99–140 and nonconservative forces, 104 nonmechanical work modes, 116–123 rates, power modes of, 124 <strong>Engineering</strong> English units system, 12, 15, 25, 173 English Gun Barrel Proof Act, 27 Enthalpy change, measuring, 207 correction chart, 391f defined, 63 psychrometric, 426–427, 440 Entropy and aging, 718 analysis, 297 and chemical reactions, 621–625 Clausius’ definition of, 218–221 correction chart, 394f determining closed system direct method, 250 closed system indirect method, 250 and Gibbs function of formation, 625–626 of phase change production, 239–240 production of. See also Entropy production rate, 207, 237, 261, 281, 284, 579 diffusional mixing, 271 heat, 232–234 due to laminar viscous losses, 268, 307 mass flow, 280 work mode, 235–239 production ratio, 301, 301f transport of heat, 229–234 mass flow, 279–280 and the second law, 205–243 work mode, 231 Entropy balance closed system, 250 equation, 240–241, 271 modified, 282, 309 Entropy production rate fuel cell, 639 heat exchanger, 290–291 maximum, mixing liquids, 295f for viscous effects, 269 Entropy rate balance closed system, 240, 250, 672 equation for, 240–241 fuel cell, 636 general open system, 281 living system, 717 modified, 282, 296, 308 open system, 621, 699 problem, 281 shock waves, 678 Environment as a heat transfer fluid, 185 temperatures and survival curves, 718f Enzymes, 694–695 Equation of state dielectric, 119 empirical, 400 ideal gas, 41, 79 ideal gas mixtures, 412 for a magnetic field, 121 of nonlinear rubber band, 369 simple magnetic substance, 400 Equilibrium, defined, 36, 630 Equilibrium constant, 629, 634–635 Equilibrium reaction, 627, 630 Equilibrium state, 36, 747 Equilibrium temperature, 421 Equipartition of energy, 738–741 Equivalent gas constant, mixture, 410, 439 Ericsson, John, 490 Ericsson cycle, 490–493 Essergy, 319 Ethane, 549, 597f Ethylene, 394 Euler, Leonhard, 669 Eulerian analysis, 669 Evaporator, 542 Event-frequency table, 742t Excess air, 595 Exercise, thermodynamics of, 46, 47–48, 50 Exergy, 319 Exothermic reaction, 606 Expansion engines, 454 of a pure gas, 127 work, 400 Explosive energy, pressure vessels, 159–160 Extensive property defined, 37 generalized displacements, 116 as a point function, 107 External combustion engine, 486, 505 External forces, 673 F Factorial, 745 Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel, 28, 54, 92 Fanno line, 690 Faraday’s constant (F), 639 Farad (F), 639 Fats, 705 Fermi, Enrico, 728 Fermi-Dirac model, 749 Ferromagnetic material, 120 F (farad), 639 Fields conservative, 321 electric, 116 magnetic, 120–121 scalar, 320 vector, 320
796 Index First law of thermodynamics, 2, 46, 99–146 and efficiency, 528 Flash steam, 94, 164, 200 Fliegner’s formula, 665 FLMT system, 11, 29 Flowchart, problem solution, 130 Flowstream kinetic energy, 173 mass flow rate, 169 specific potential energy, 174 Flow work, 168 FLt system, 11 Fluid friction, 113, 681 Food energy intake, 698 Force, defined, 105 Forcing function, 116 Fourier, Joseph, 769 Fourier’s law, 128, 233 Fowler, R. H., 42 Freezing, 69 Freon, 548 Friction factor, 518, 777 Friction power, Otto cycle, 505 Fuel cells, 636–641 Fulton, Robert, 454–455 Fundamental units length, 6 time, 6 Fusion line, 66 G g c (dimensional constant), defined, 26 Gage pressure, 40 Galen, Claudius, 9 Galilei, Galileo, 724 Gas compressor, 498 Gas constant (R), 220 equivalent, for a mixture (R m ), 441 Gases defined, 68 properties at low pressure, 81t Gas power cycles, 447–527 Gas tables, 382–384 Gas turbine aircraft engine, 499–502 Gäugler type of heat pipe, 234 Gaussian velocity distribution, 735 Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, 397 Gay-Lussac’s law, 397 Generalized displacement, 116 Generalized force (F), 116 General open system, 139, 171, 198, 353 Georgian, John C., 29 Gibbs, Josiah Willard, 65, 364 Gibbs chemical potential, 122 Gibbs-Dalton ideal gas mixture law, 414, 621 Gibbs function (G) conditions for chemical reaction, 627 of formation, 625–626 and entropy, 625–626 Gibbs phase equilibrium condition, 366 Gibbs’ phase rule, 65 Goodenough, G. A., 404 Gorrie, John, 569 Grain, 424 Gram mole, defined, 14 Ground state defined, 322 notation, 323 Grover, George M., 234 Guggenheim, E. A., 42 H H (henry), 787t Heat of combustion, 607 defined, 1, 64 as a fluid, 208 of formation, 604–607 of reaction, 607–613 Heat engine characteristics of, 449t cyclic, 212, 212f Heat entropy flux, 245 Heat exchange closed loop, 470 open loop, 470 problem, 203, 358 regenerators, 470 shell and tube, 289 single-tube, single-pass, 289f, 290 temperature profiles, 290, 291f Heat loss and animal size, 711 Heat pipes, 234 Heat production energy losses, 612 entropy of, 232 Heat pump, 216 characteristics of, 536f Heat rate (power plant), 151–152, 482 Heat transfer coefficient of, 264, 266 modes of, 128–130 rate of, 150 reversible, 220, 227 Heat transport, 127 of entropy, 229–231 Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von, 363 Helmholtz function (F), 363, 365 Henry (H), 787t Heracleitus, 592 Heron of Alexandria, 474 Hertz (Hz), 787t Hess, Germain Henri, 604 Hess’ law, 604 Higher heating value (HHV), 608 Hilsch, Rudolph, 302 Homogeneous substance, defined, 36 Hooke’s law, 114 Horsepower, 30, 454 Humidification, 424 Humidity ratio (ω), 418, 440 Hydraulic flow systems, 306t Hydraulic jump, 306 Hydrocarbons, 596 classification of, 596f Hydrodynamic flow systems, 305–306 Hydroelectric water turbines, 187 Hz (hertz), 787t I IC engine. See Internal combustion engine Ideal gas Berthelot corrections, 374 diffuser efficiency, 684 internal energy of, 80 of a mixture, 412 and molar enthalpy, 391 in a polytropic process, 111 Ideal gas equation, 41, 619 Impulse turbine, 474 Incompressible materials fluid, 135 liquids, 78 example, 79 specific heat of, 77 state equations for, 77 Independent events, 750 Indicated power, Otto cycle, 505 Indicated work, Otto cycle, 460 Indicator diagram, 455, 505 Indirect calorimetry, 703 Instantaneous electrical power, 118 Insulated rigid container, filling, 298f Intensive properties defined, 37 as point functions, 107 Intermolecular collisions, 732–734 Internal combustion engine, 125, 502 typical ceramic components, 517f Internal energy of an ideal gas, 80 Internal heat flux, 232 International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), 212 International Conferences on the Properties of Steam, 396 International System of Units (SI), 730 Inversion temperature, 181 Ion pump, 696 Irreversibility defined, 328 rate, 328 Irreversible processes heat transfer, 227, 338 reactions, 627, 631 work, 250 Isenthalpic devices, defined, 180 throttling, 180 vapor-compression cycle, 544, 575 Isentropic compressibility, 687 compression ratio, 492 Isentropic efficiency compressor, 312, 401 thermal efficiency, 461–466 Rankine cycle, 479 Isentropic pressure ratio, 488 Isentropic process, 223, 241–242, 383, 488, 666 expansion, supersaturated state, 665f Isentropic sound wave, properties of, 657, 657f Isentropic stagnation state, 654f density, 653–655 enthalpy, 660 pressure, 654–655, 660, 684 properties of, 653–655, 685
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics R
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Dedication WHAT IS AN ENGINEER AND
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Contents PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
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Contents ix 7.6 Heat Engines Runnin
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Contents xi 14.13 Air Standard Gas
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Preface TEXT OBJECTIVES This textbo
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Preface xv Step 5. Write down the b
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Acknowledgments I wish to acknowled
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Resources That Accompany This Book
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List of Symbols A a B COP CR c c p
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Prologue PARIS FRANCE, 10:35 AM, AU
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CHAPTER 1 The Beginning CONTENTS 1.
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1.2 Why Is Thermodynamics Important
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1.3 Getting Answers: A Basic Proble
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1.5 How Do We Measure Things? 7 bei
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1.6 Temperature Units 9 THE DEVELOP
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1.7 Classical Mechanical and Electr
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1.7 Classical Mechanical and Electr
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1.9 Modern Units Systems 15 where M
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1.10 Significant Figures 17 CRITICA
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1.10 Significant Figures 19 WHAT AB
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1.11 Potential and Kinetic Energies
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1.11 Potential and Kinetic Energies
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Summary 25 FIGURE 1.19 Case study 1
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Problems 27 Problems (* indicates p
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Problems 29 14. Determine the mass
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Problems 31 49. Using the CGS units
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CHAPTER 2 Thermodynamic Concepts CO
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2.3 Phases of Matter 35 System boun
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2.4 System States and Thermodynamic
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2.6 Thermodynamic Processes 39 WHAT
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2.7 Pressure and Temperature Scales
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2.9 The Continuum Hypothesis 43 Sur
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2.10 The Balance Concept 45 Solutio
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2.11 The Conservation Concept 47 or
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2.11 The Conservation Concept 49 Th
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Summary 51 change in the mass of X
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Problems 53 Problems (* indicates p
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Problems 55 and Death rate = α 2 +
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CHAPTER 3 Thermodynamic Properties
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3.3 Fun with Mathematics 59 CRITICA
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3.4 Some Exciting New Thermodynamic
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3.6 Enthalpy 63 WHO WAS AMALIE EMMY
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 65 WHO WAS EMMY
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Pressure Vapor 3.7 Phase Diagrams 6
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 69 WHAT IS A “
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 71 considerable
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3.8 Quality 73 10 5 300 C Critical
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3.8 Quality 75 Although Eq. (3.26)
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3.9 Thermodynamic Equations of Stat
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3.10 Thermodynamic Tables 85 Critic
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3.12 Thermodynamic Charts 87 vð100
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3.13 Thermodynamic Property Softwar
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Summary 91 and e = E/m = u + V2 2g
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Problems 93 c. For a saturated mixt
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Problems 95 specific enthalpy of sa
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Problems 97 Table 3.23 Problem 65 M
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CHAPTER 4 The First Law of Thermody
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4.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
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4.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
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4.4 Energy Transport Mechanisms 105
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4.5 Point and Path Functions 107 4.
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4.6 Mechanical Work Modes of Energy
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4.7 Nonmechanical Work Modes of Ene
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4.9 Work Efficiency 125 In the case
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4.12 Heat Modes of Energy Transport
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4.13 Heat Transfer Modes 129 Table
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4.14 A Thermodynamic Problem Solvin
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4.14 A Thermodynamic Problem Solvin
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4.15 How to Write a Thermodynamics
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4.15 How to Write a Thermodynamics
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Summary 139 The general open system
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Problems 141 11.* Determine the hea
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Problems 143 where K = 0.810 lbf. D
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Problems 145 Table 4.12 Problem 67
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CHAPTER 5 First Law Closed System A
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5.2 Sealed, Rigid Containers 149 In
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5.4 Power Plants 151 Step 7. Calcul
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5.5 Incompressible Liquids 153 The
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1Q 2 − 1 W 2 = mðu 2 − u 1 Þ
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5.8 Closed System Unsteady State Pr
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5.9 The Explosive Energy of Pressur
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Problems 161 Problems (* indicates
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Problems 163 31. A thermoelectric g
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Problems 165 where v, T, and r are
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CHAPTER 6 First Law Open System App
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6.2 Mass Flow Energy Transport 169
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6.3 Conservation of Energy and Cons
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6.4 Flow Stream Specific Kinetic an
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6.5 Nozzles and Diffusers 175 m (a)
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6.5 Nozzles and Diffusers 177 We ar
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6.6 Throttling Devices 179 These as
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6.6 Throttling Devices 181 For an i
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6.7 Throttling Calorimeter 183 The
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6.8 Heat Exchangers 185 Convective
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6.9 Shaft Work Machines 187 6.9 SHA
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6.9 Shaft Work Machines 189 1 Basem
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6.10 Open System Unsteady State Pro
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Problems 197 we have _m R / _m D =
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Problems 201 32.* A commercial slid
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Summary 203 59. Incompressible liqu
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CHAPTER 7 Second Law of Thermodynam
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7.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamic
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7.4 Carnot’s Heat Engine and the
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7.4 Carnot’s Heat Engine and the
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7.5 The Absolute Temperature Scale
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7.5 The Absolute Temperature Scale
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7.6 Heat Engines Running Backward 2
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7.7 Clausius’s Definition of Entr
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7.8 Numerical Values for Entropy 22
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7.10 Differential Entropy Balance 2
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7.11 Heat Transport of Entropy 229
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7.13 Entropy Production Mechanisms
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7.14 Heat Transfer Production of En
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7.15 Work Mode Production of Entrop
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7.15 Work Mode Production of Entrop
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7.16 Phase Change Entropy Productio
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Summary 241 ■ Indirect method inv
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Problems 243 amount of work W irr i
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Problems 245 a. If the heat pump is
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Problems 247 51. Develop a program
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CHAPTER 8 Second Law Closed System
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8.2 Systems Undergoing Reversible P
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8.3 Systems Undergoing Irreversible
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8.4 Diffusional Mixing 271 Exercise
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Summary 273 Note that this example
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Problems 275 15. A 20.0 ft 3 tank c
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Problems 277 46. a. Determine a for
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CHAPTER 9 Second Law Open System Ap
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9.4 Open System Entropy Balance Equ
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9.4 Open System Entropy Balance Equ
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9.5 Nozzles, Diffusers, and Throttl
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9.5 Nozzles, Diffusers, and Throttl
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9.6 Heat Exchangers 289 Exercises 1
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9.6 Heat Exchangers 291 (T H ) (T H
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9.7 Mixing 293 Now, _m air is given
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9.7 Mixing 295 Critical value of y,
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9.9 Unsteady State Processes in Ope
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Problems 309 Multiplying this equat
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Problems 311 entropy production rat
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Problems 313 heat is added to the b
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Problems 315 55.* Determine the max
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Problems 317 The cavitation process
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CHAPTER 10 Availability Analysis CO
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10.3 What Are Conservative Forces?
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10.6 Availability 323 WHAT IS A SYS
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10.6 Availability 325 and the total
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10.7 Closed System Availability Bal
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10.7 Closed System Availability Bal
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10.8 Flow Availability 331 EXAMPLE
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s − s 0 = c ln T T 0 10.8 Flow Av
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10.10 Modified Availability Rate Ba
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10.10 Modified Availability Rate Ba
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10.11 Energy Efficiency Based on th
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Summary 351 In this problem, we hav
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Summary 353 7. The general open sys
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Problems 355 12.5 Btu/hr·ft ·R. I
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Problems 357 flow rate of 15.0 lbm/
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Problems 359 85. Create a specific
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CHAPTER 11 More Thermodynamic Relat
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11.2 Two New Properties: Helmholtz
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11.2 Two New Properties: Helmholtz
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11.4 Maxwell Equations 367 11.4 MAX
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11.4 Maxwell Equations 369 then,
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11.5 The Clapeyron Equation 371 and
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11.6 Determining u, h, and s from p
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11.7 Constructing Tables and Charts
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11.8 Thermodynamic Charts 381 so th
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11.9 Gas Tables 383 where p r is th
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11.10 Compressibility Factor and Ge
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11.11 Is Steam Ever an Ideal Gas? 3
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Summary 399 equation, and a series
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Problems 401 20.* Estimate h fg for
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Problems 403 Design Problems The fo
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CHAPTER 12 Mixtures of Gases and Va
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12.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Ga
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12.3 Mixtures of Ideal Gases 413 Th
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12.3 Mixtures of Ideal Gases 415 Co
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12.4 Psychrometrics 417 Finally, th
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12.4 Psychrometrics 419 EXAMPLE 12.
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12.6 The Sling Psychrometer 421 The
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12.6 The Sling Psychrometer 423 p w
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12.7 Air Conditioning 425 WHAT ENVI
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12.8 Psychrometric Enthalpies 427 E
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12.8 Psychrometric Enthalpies 429 o
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 431 Whe
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 433 and
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 435 The
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 437 Sol
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Summary 439 Last, we combine Dalton
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Problems 443 exhaust gas is an idea
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Problems 445 57.* Cooling towers ar
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CHAPTER 13 Vapor and Gas Power Cycl
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13.2 Part I. Engines and Vapor Powe
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13.4 Rankine Cycle 457 A B Reversib
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 459 For
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 461 13.
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 463 b.
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 465 Sta
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13.6 Rankine Cycle with Superheat 4
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13.7 Rankine Cycle with Regeneratio
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13.8 The Development of the Steam T
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13.9 Rankine Cycle with Reheat 477
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13.9 Rankine Cycle with Reheat 479
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13.10 Modern Steam Power Plants 481
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13.12 Air Standard Power Cycles 487
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13.13 Stirling Cycle 489 Q H 4 1 4
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13.14 Ericsson Cycle 491 Q H 4 1 3
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13.15 Lenoir Cycle 493 Exercises 28
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13.16 Brayton Cycle 495 Solution Us
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13.16 Brayton Cycle 497 Equation (7
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13.17 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
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13.17 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
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13.18 Otto Cycle 503 T Q H 1 1 1 v
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13.18 Otto Cycle 505 Exercises 40.
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13.18 Otto Cycle 507 and, since the
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13.20 Miller Cycle 509 13.19.1 Mode
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13.20 Miller Cycle 511 Then, from F
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13.21 Diesel Cycle 513 to stroll on
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13.21 Diesel Cycle 515 Solution a.
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13.22 Modern Prime Mover Developmen
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13.23 Second Law Analysis of Vapor
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Summary 525 Fill port 160 mm End of
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Problems 527 7. The thermal efficie
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efficiency increase if the condense
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Problems 531 horsepower hour. Assum
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Problems 533 72. Determine the valu
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CHAPTER 14 Vapor and Gas Refrigerat
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14.3 Carnot Refrigeration Cycle 537
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14.4 In the Beginning There Was Ice
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14.4 In the Beginning There Was Ice
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14.5 Vapor-Compression Refrigeratio
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14.5 Vapor-Compression Refrigeratio
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14.6 Refrigerants 547 T 3 2s 2 p 3
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14.7 Refrigerant Numbers 549 14.7 R
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14.7 Refrigerant Numbers 551 R-110
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14.8 CFCs and the Ozone Layer 553 H
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14.9 Cascade and Multistage Vapor-C
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14.10 Absorption Refrigeration 561
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14.11 Commercial and Household Refr
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14.14 Reversed Brayton Cycle Refrig
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14.14 Reversed Brayton Cycle Refrig
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14.15 Reversed Stirling Cycle Refri
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14.16 Miscellaneous Refrigeration T
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14.16 Miscellaneous Refrigeration T
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14.18 Second Law Analysis of Refrig
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14.18 Second Law Analysis of Refrig
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2. The coefficient of performance o
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Problems 585 13.* A refrigeration u
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Problems 587 Loop B Station 1B Stat
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Problems 589 under these conditions
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CHAPTER 15 Chemical Thermodynamics
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15.2 Stoichiometric Equations 593 1
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15.2 Stoichiometric Equations 595 C
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15.3 Organic Fuels 597 ANSWERS SOME
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15.4 Fuel Modeling 599 Hydrocarbon
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15.4 Fuel Modeling 601 equation, si
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15.5 Standard Reference State 603 I
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15.6 Heat of Formation 605 and H 2
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 607 EXAMPLE 1
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 609 CRITICAL
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 611 Then, h P
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15.8 Adiabatic Flame Temperature 61
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15.9 Maximum Explosion Pressure 619
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15.10 Entropy Production in Chemica
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15.10 Entropy Production in Chemica
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15.11 Entropy of Formation and Gibb
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15.12 Chemical Equilibrium and Diss
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H 2 O !ð1 − yÞH 2 O + yðv H2
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15.14 The van’t Hoff Equation 635
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15.15 Fuel Cells 637 Anode Electrol
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15.15 Fuel Cells 639 The maximum po
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15.16 Chemical Availability 641 and
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ðn i /n fuel Þðc pi Þ E system
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Problems 645 where j = 4n + m kgmol
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Problems 647 c. The percent excess
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Problems 649 77. Determine the mola
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CHAPTER 16 Compressible Fluid Flow
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16.3 Isentropic Stagnation Properti
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16.4 The Mach Number 655 Note that
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16.4 The Mach Number 657 Table 16.1
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16.4 The Mach Number 659 Since for
Page 686 and 687:
16.5 Converging-Diverging Flows 661
Page 688 and 689:
16.5 Converging-Diverging Flows 663
Page 690 and 691:
16.6 Choked Flow 665 T a a p a = co
Page 692 and 693:
16.6 Choked Flow 667 Exercises 16.
Page 694 and 695:
16.7 Reynolds Transport Theorem 669
Page 696 and 697:
16.7 Reynolds Transport Theorem 671
Page 698 and 699:
16.8 Linear Momentum Rate Balance 6
Page 700 and 701:
16.9 Shock Waves 675 16.9 SHOCK WAV
Page 702 and 703:
16.9 Shock Waves 677 and, for an id
Page 704 and 705:
16.9 Shock Waves 679 6 5 4 S P /(m
Page 706 and 707:
16.10 Nozzle and Diffuser Efficienc
Page 708 and 709:
16.10 Nozzle and Diffuser Efficienc
Page 710 and 711:
Summary 685 Since for a diffuser, M
Page 712 and 713:
Page 714 and 715:
43. 0.800 lbm/s of air passes throu
Page 716 and 717:
Problems 691 A plot of this functio
Page 718 and 719:
CHAPTER 17 Thermodynamics of Biolog
Page 720 and 721:
17.3 Thermodynamics of Biological C
Page 722 and 723:
17.3 Thermodynamics of Biological C
Page 724 and 725:
17.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency o
Page 726 and 727:
17.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency o
Page 728 and 729:
17.5 Metabolism 703 Table 17.3 Brea
Page 730 and 731:
17.6 Thermodynamics of Nutrition an
Page 732 and 733:
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
17.7 Limits to Biological Growth 71
Page 738 and 739:
17.7 Limits to Biological Growth 71
Page 740 and 741:
17.8 Locomotion Transport Number 71
Page 742 and 743:
17.9 Thermodynamics of Aging and De
Page 744 and 745:
17.9 Thermodynamics of Aging and De
Page 746 and 747:
1/3 V most efficient = P o ρAC D S
Page 748 and 749:
Problems 723 a. If the monster cons
Page 750 and 751:
Problems 725 the officer asks Paul
Page 752 and 753:
CHAPTER 18 Introduction to Statisti
Page 754 and 755:
18.3 Kinetic Theory of Gases 729 3.
Page 756 and 757:
U trans = 3 2 NkT (Continued ) 18.3
Page 758 and 759:
18.4 Intermolecular Collisions 733
Page 760 and 761:
18.5 Molecular Velocity Distributio
Page 762 and 763:
18.5 Molecular Velocity Distributio
Page 764 and 765:
18.6 Equipartition of Energy 739 We
Page 766 and 767:
18.7 Introduction to Mathematical P
Page 768 and 769:
18.7 Introduction to Mathematical P
Page 770 and 771: 18.7 Introduction to Mathematical P
Page 772 and 773: 18.8 Quantum Statistical Thermodyna
Page 774 and 775: 18.9 Three Classical Quantum Statis
Page 776 and 777: 18.11 Monatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann G
Page 778 and 779: 18.12 Diatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann Ga
Page 780 and 781: 18.12 Diatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann Ga
Page 782 and 783: 18.13 Polyatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann
Page 784 and 785: Summary 759 In this chapter, we sum
Page 786 and 787: Problems 761 4. Find the temperatur
Page 788 and 789: CHAPTER 19 Introduction to Coupled
Page 790 and 791: 19.3 Linear Phenomenological Equati
Page 792 and 793: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 767 Eq
Page 794 and 795: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 769 Th
Page 796 and 797: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 771 wh
Page 798 and 799: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 773 Th
Page 800 and 801: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 775 b.
Page 802 and 803: 19.5 Thermomechanical Coupling 777
Page 808 and 809: water), it seems reasonable that li
Page 810 and 811: Problems 785 b. For a Knudson gas,
Page 812 and 813: Appendix A: Physical Constants and
Page 814 and 815: Appendix B: Greek and Latin Origins
Page 816 and 817: Appendix B 791 Table B.4 Plural End
Page 818 and 819: Index Page numbers followed by f in
Page 822 and 823: Index 797 Isobaric coefficient of v
Page 824 and 825: Index 799 Ranque, Georges Joseph, 3
Page 826 and 827: Index 801 William III, King of Engl
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics

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