Modern Engineering Thermodynamics

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Index 799 Ranque, Georges Joseph, 302, 578 Rateau, Auguste Camille Edmond, 476 Rate balance equation, 44 one-dimensional open system, 672 open system, 670 Rayleigh line, 690 Reactants, chemical, 593 Reaction efficiency, fuel cell, 640, 641t, 644 Reaction turbine, 474, 475f, 476 Real gases, 83–84. See also Ideal gas; Ideal gas equation equation, power series expansion, 83 mixtures, 430–438 Rèaumur, René Antoine Ferchault de, 54 Reciprocating heat engine, 458f Redlich-Kwong equation, 384 Redlich-Kwong gas, 83 Reduced pressure (p R ), 385–386, 433, 436, 578 Reduced specific volume (v R ), 385 pseudo, 386 Reduced temperature (T R ), 385–386, 431 Reference states, 157, 603 Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, 208 Refrigeration cycle, closed-loop vapor, 542f Refrigeration technology, 536, 539, 539f, 542, 548 Refrigerator commercial, 562–568 household, 562–568 Regeneration, 469, 557 cascade, 557 multistage, 557 power cycle, 488 reversed Brayton cycle, 571 reversed Stirling cycle, 573f Regnault, Henri Victor, 397 Relative efficiency, 460 Relative humidity, (ϕ), 418, 425, 440, 520 Relative pressure ðp^r Þ, 383 Relative volume (v r ), 383 Resistive dissipation, 238 Respiratory quotient, 703 Respiratory system, 712, 718 Response function, 116 Reversible processes, 211, 227, 250–255, 338 heat engines in series, 213, 213f work, 239 Reynolds, Osborne, 670 Reynolds transport theorem, 669–673 Rice, W., 316t Richter, Jeremias Benjamin, 593 Rochas, Alphonse Eugene Beau de, 503 Rocket engines, Lenoir cycle in, 495 Root mean square molecular velocity, 729 Rotating shaft work, 112–113, 474 Rotational molecular energy, 751 Rotational partition function, 753 Rotational symmetry number, 753, 754t S S (siemens), 787t Saturated fatty acid, 706f Saturated liquids defined, 72 quality, 72 Saturated vapors defined, 72 quality, 72 Saturation tables, 84, 379 Savery, Thomas, 450 Savery’s fire engine, 450, 450f Schmidt, E., 234 Schrodinger, Erwin, 728 Sealed rigid container, 148–149 Second law, Newton’s, 11, 26t, 26 Second law of thermodynamics, 207–208 analysis of refrigeration cycles, 579 analysis of vapor and gas power cycles, 518 and the most probable macrostate, 749 Clausius’ mathematical form Clausius statement, 210, 221 efficiency air conditioner, 217 heat engine, 210 heat exchanger, 347 heat pump, 217 refrigerator, 217 Kelvin-Planck statement, 209 and shock waves, 678 Semiconductor, 116, 578 Series staging, 466 Sexagesimal system, 7, 26t Shaft work machines, 187–190, 296–297 graphical symbols for, 188f Shock waves, 675–681, 676f Siemens (S) (unit), 787t Sign convention, work, 104, 109 Significant figures definition, 17 rule for adding and subtracting, 18 rule for multiplying and dividing, 18 rules for rounding, 18 Signs, 57, 105, 169, 217 Simple substance, defined, 36 Simple systems, 126, 127 SI units derived, 16t fundamental, 16t prefixes, 16t Sling psychrometer, 421–424, 421f Slug (unit), 11, 26t Smeaton, John, 452 Societe Française de Physique, 302 Solar power plant, 252 Solidification, 66, 69 Sonic boom, 675 Sonic velocity, 656, 656f, 658, 667 Specific availability (a), 324 Specific energy (e), 37, 90, 102 Specific enthalpy (h), 63, 169, 173 change in, 82, 179, 187, 373, 392 incompressible substance, 176 of an ideal gas, 80 incompressible material, 77 vapors, 171 Specific entropy change in, 223 isothermal, 374 numerical values for, 207, 221 production ratio, 301 temperature dependent part, 382 Specific heat constant pressure, 64 ideal gas, 222 for a mixture (c pm ), 408 constant volume, 63 incompressible material, 77 isothermal variation in, 375 for a mixture (c vm ), 408 of gases, 81f of incompressible materials, 77, 222 of liquids, 78t ratio, 422, 659t, 739 of solids, 78t Specific Helmholtz function (f), 363, 399 Specific internal energy (u), 63 at the SRS, 604 change in, 82, 439 ideal gas, 79 Specific kinetic energy (ke), 173, 180 Specific potential energy (pe), 174, 180 Specific properties, 37, 225 mixture, 408t, 409t Specific volume (v), 37 critical state, 386 “pseudo” reduced, 386 Stagnation properties, 652–653. See also Isentropic stagnation state specific enthalpy, 652 temperature, 653 Stahl, Georg Ernst, 592 Standard reference state (SRS), 603–604 heat of reaction, 609 State of a system, 36 State postulate, 127 States of water, 85t Statistical thermodynamics, 43 Steady flow condition, 172 Steady state aergonic reaction vessel, 606f open systems, 168, 284 steady flow, 172 Steam condenser, 453 gas, 396 power plants, 480–486 reheat, 477 thermodynamic properties, 88f turbine, 474–477 vapor, 396 Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 129 Stefan-Boltzmann law, 129 Stephenson, George, 452 Stirling, Robert, 488 Stirling cycle, 488–490 Stirling’s approximation, 751 Stoichiometric reactions coefficients, 593 equations, 593–596 Strain ðϵÞ, 114 Su, Gouq-Jen, 386 Subcooled liquids, 72 Sublimation, 69 Clapeyron equation, 370–372
800 Index Sublimation line, 67 Subsonic flows, and shock waves, 652 Substantial derivative, 670 Super alloy engine components, 517 Supercharging, 503, 517 Superheated vapor steam, 399 specific volume, 37 tables, 84, 380 Superheating, Rankine cycle, 466 Supersaturated vapor, 664 Supersonic flow and shock waves, 685 diffuser, 661 nozzle, 662, 662f Supersonic wind tunnel, 663 Surcharging, 466 Surface forces, 674 Surface tension work, 115–116 Surroundings, 322 System boundary, defined, 148 Systeme International d’Unités, 26t System energy components, 102f Systems, types of, 1, 34 System total energy, 220 T T (tesla), 787t Tank-filling process, 190 Temperature separation, 302 Temperature (T) scales, 28, 40–42 absolute, 212–216 thermodynamic, fundamental units, 34 units, 8–10 Tertullianus, Quintus Septimus Florens, 448 Tesla (T), 787t Theoretical air, 595 Thermal conduction, notation, 128f Thermal conductivity (k t ), 770 Thermal efficiency (η T ) Brayton cycle, 495–499 Carnot cold ASC, 488 chronology of steam engines, 466f defined, 212 energy conversion, 125 Ericsson cycle, 490–493 Lenoir cycle, 493–495 Otto cold ASC analysis, 507 Otto cycle, 502–508 ratio, 482 reversed Rankine cycle, 545 of the Stirling cycle, 488–490 turbojet engine, 499 Thermal equilibrium, 38 Thermoclines, 528 Thermoelectric, 763 Thermodynamic charts, 87, 380–382 Thermodynamic cycle, 39 Thermodynamic loop classifications, 486f Thermodynamic problems, solving, 58, 132 flowchart for, 131f scenarios, 135 Thermodynamic problems, writing, 130 Thermodynamic process, 39, 51 defined, 39 power and refrigeration cycles, 461 problem classification by, 135 Thermodynamic properties, 36–38, 57, 60–62, 168, 406–412 at the critical state, 70 Thermodynamic software, 89, 89t <strong>Thermodynamics</strong>, defined, 1 Thermodynamic system, defined, 34 Thermodynamic tables, 84–85, 378 Thermoelectricity, 578 Thermomechanical, 776–783, 779f Thermometer, 8–9 Third law of thermodynamics, 206, 241, 622 Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rumford), 164 Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), 8, 210, 212 Throat, 568, 662 Throttles, 180, 284–289 Throttling devices, 179–182 Calorimeter, 182–183 Time, fundamental units, 11, 11t, 12 Ton of refrigeration (unit), 541 Torque vector (T), 112 Total energy, 167–168, 749 defined, 62 internal (U), 62 system (E), 46, 62 transport in a closed system, 105–106 in an open system, 105 Total entropy production, 236, 281 Translational energy kinetic, 20–21, 26 molecular, 758 total internal, 729, 731 Translational partition function, 753 Transmutation, 592 Transonic flow, 657 Triple point, 67–68, 68t, 206 Troy pound, 12 Turbine, 474–477, 490, 498, 499–502 power plant, open loop, 491f Turbocharger, 509–510 Turbocompounding, 517, 518f Turbofan engine, 521 Turbojet engine, 130, 499, 521, 523 Turboprop, 521 Twinning, Alexander Catlin, 543 U u (specific internal energy), 37, 39, 63–64, 378 U (total internal energy), 62–63, 698 Ultraviolet radiation, 552 Units dyne, 11 newton, 11 ohms, 117 poundal, 11 psia (pounds per square inch absolute), 40 psig (pounds per square inch gage), 40 slug, 11 temperature, 8–10, 25–26 ton of refrigeration, 541 Units systems, 7, 10–14 Universal constants gas constant (R), 84, 391, 697, 787 magnetic permeability (μ o ), 120 Unsaturated fatty acid, 706f Unsaturated hydrocarbons, 597, 706f Unsteady state processes closed system, 157–159 open system, 190–197, 297–308 V v (specific volume), 37, 60, 75, 91 V (volt), 38t, 639 Valence, 639, 696 van der Waals, Johannes Diederik, 384 van der Waals equation, 83, 385 van der Waals isotherms, 385f Van Helmont, Jan Bapist, 69 van’t Hoff, Jacobus Hendricus, 626 van’t Hoff equation, 635–636, 636, 644 Vaporization, 68–69 Vaporization line, 66 Velocity, 20, 102, 168, 173t Velocity distribution error function, 736 population model, 735 Velocity of light, 748 Velocity staging (Curtis), 476–477 Vibrational internal energy, 756, 758 diatomic gases, 739 nonlinear polyatomic molecules, 758 polyatomic linear gas molecules, 756 Vibrational molecular energy, 751 Vibrational partition function, diatomic gas, 753 Victoria hydraulic air compressor, 316t View factor, 129 Virial coefficients, 83 Virial expansions, 83 Viscosity (μ), 37, 237, 273 Viscous dissipation, 236, 280 Voltage, 117, 641t, 764 Volt (V), 38t, 639 Volume ðVÞ, 335, 614t, 788 Volume flow rate, 187 Volume fraction (psi), 407, 439 Vortex tube, 302, 302f, 304, 578 W W (watt), 12, 16, 16t, 787t Walking beam, 451 Waste product output, 698 Water, thermodynamic properties, 76, 94 Water dust, 396 Water wheel operation, 209f Watt, James, 453–454, 514 Wave equation, 749 Wave function, 749 Wb (weber), 16, 16t, 787t Weber, H. C., 386 Weight, 7, 60, 405 Weight density, 713 Wet, defined, 72 Wet region, quality of, 85 Whitney, Eli, 449
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics R
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Dedication WHAT IS AN ENGINEER AND
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Contents PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
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Contents ix 7.6 Heat Engines Runnin
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Contents xi 14.13 Air Standard Gas
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Preface TEXT OBJECTIVES This textbo
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Preface xv Step 5. Write down the b
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Acknowledgments I wish to acknowled
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Resources That Accompany This Book
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List of Symbols A a B COP CR c c p
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Prologue PARIS FRANCE, 10:35 AM, AU
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CHAPTER 1 The Beginning CONTENTS 1.
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1.2 Why Is Thermodynamics Important
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1.3 Getting Answers: A Basic Proble
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1.5 How Do We Measure Things? 7 bei
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1.6 Temperature Units 9 THE DEVELOP
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1.7 Classical Mechanical and Electr
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1.7 Classical Mechanical and Electr
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1.9 Modern Units Systems 15 where M
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1.10 Significant Figures 17 CRITICA
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1.10 Significant Figures 19 WHAT AB
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1.11 Potential and Kinetic Energies
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1.11 Potential and Kinetic Energies
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Summary 25 FIGURE 1.19 Case study 1
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Problems 27 Problems (* indicates p
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Problems 29 14. Determine the mass
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Problems 31 49. Using the CGS units
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CHAPTER 2 Thermodynamic Concepts CO
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2.3 Phases of Matter 35 System boun
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2.4 System States and Thermodynamic
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2.6 Thermodynamic Processes 39 WHAT
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2.7 Pressure and Temperature Scales
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2.9 The Continuum Hypothesis 43 Sur
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2.10 The Balance Concept 45 Solutio
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2.11 The Conservation Concept 47 or
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2.11 The Conservation Concept 49 Th
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Summary 51 change in the mass of X
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Problems 53 Problems (* indicates p
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Problems 55 and Death rate = α 2 +
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CHAPTER 3 Thermodynamic Properties
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3.3 Fun with Mathematics 59 CRITICA
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3.4 Some Exciting New Thermodynamic
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3.6 Enthalpy 63 WHO WAS AMALIE EMMY
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 65 WHO WAS EMMY
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Pressure Vapor 3.7 Phase Diagrams 6
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 69 WHAT IS A “
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3.7 Phase Diagrams 71 considerable
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3.8 Quality 73 10 5 300 C Critical
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3.8 Quality 75 Although Eq. (3.26)
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3.9 Thermodynamic Equations of Stat
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3.10 Thermodynamic Tables 85 Critic
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3.12 Thermodynamic Charts 87 vð100
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3.13 Thermodynamic Property Softwar
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Summary 91 and e = E/m = u + V2 2g
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Problems 93 c. For a saturated mixt
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Problems 95 specific enthalpy of sa
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Problems 97 Table 3.23 Problem 65 M
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CHAPTER 4 The First Law of Thermody
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4.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
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4.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
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4.4 Energy Transport Mechanisms 105
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4.5 Point and Path Functions 107 4.
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4.6 Mechanical Work Modes of Energy
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4.7 Nonmechanical Work Modes of Ene
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4.9 Work Efficiency 125 In the case
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4.12 Heat Modes of Energy Transport
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4.13 Heat Transfer Modes 129 Table
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4.14 A Thermodynamic Problem Solvin
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4.14 A Thermodynamic Problem Solvin
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4.15 How to Write a Thermodynamics
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4.15 How to Write a Thermodynamics
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Summary 139 The general open system
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Problems 141 11.* Determine the hea
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Problems 143 where K = 0.810 lbf. D
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Problems 145 Table 4.12 Problem 67
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CHAPTER 5 First Law Closed System A
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5.2 Sealed, Rigid Containers 149 In
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5.4 Power Plants 151 Step 7. Calcul
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5.5 Incompressible Liquids 153 The
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1Q 2 − 1 W 2 = mðu 2 − u 1 Þ
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5.8 Closed System Unsteady State Pr
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5.9 The Explosive Energy of Pressur
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Problems 161 Problems (* indicates
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Problems 163 31. A thermoelectric g
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Problems 165 where v, T, and r are
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CHAPTER 6 First Law Open System App
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6.2 Mass Flow Energy Transport 169
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6.3 Conservation of Energy and Cons
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6.4 Flow Stream Specific Kinetic an
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6.5 Nozzles and Diffusers 175 m (a)
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6.5 Nozzles and Diffusers 177 We ar
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6.6 Throttling Devices 179 These as
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6.6 Throttling Devices 181 For an i
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6.7 Throttling Calorimeter 183 The
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6.8 Heat Exchangers 185 Convective
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6.9 Shaft Work Machines 187 6.9 SHA
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6.9 Shaft Work Machines 189 1 Basem
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6.10 Open System Unsteady State Pro
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Problems 197 we have _m R / _m D =
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Problems 201 32.* A commercial slid
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Summary 203 59. Incompressible liqu
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CHAPTER 7 Second Law of Thermodynam
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7.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamic
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7.4 Carnot’s Heat Engine and the
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7.4 Carnot’s Heat Engine and the
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7.5 The Absolute Temperature Scale
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7.5 The Absolute Temperature Scale
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7.6 Heat Engines Running Backward 2
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7.7 Clausius’s Definition of Entr
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7.8 Numerical Values for Entropy 22
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7.10 Differential Entropy Balance 2
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7.11 Heat Transport of Entropy 229
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7.13 Entropy Production Mechanisms
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7.14 Heat Transfer Production of En
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7.15 Work Mode Production of Entrop
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7.15 Work Mode Production of Entrop
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7.16 Phase Change Entropy Productio
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Summary 241 ■ Indirect method inv
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Problems 243 amount of work W irr i
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Problems 245 a. If the heat pump is
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Problems 247 51. Develop a program
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CHAPTER 8 Second Law Closed System
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8.2 Systems Undergoing Reversible P
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8.3 Systems Undergoing Irreversible
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8.4 Diffusional Mixing 271 Exercise
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Summary 273 Note that this example
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Problems 275 15. A 20.0 ft 3 tank c
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Problems 277 46. a. Determine a for
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CHAPTER 9 Second Law Open System Ap
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9.4 Open System Entropy Balance Equ
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9.4 Open System Entropy Balance Equ
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9.5 Nozzles, Diffusers, and Throttl
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9.5 Nozzles, Diffusers, and Throttl
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9.6 Heat Exchangers 289 Exercises 1
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9.6 Heat Exchangers 291 (T H ) (T H
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9.7 Mixing 293 Now, _m air is given
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9.7 Mixing 295 Critical value of y,
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9.9 Unsteady State Processes in Ope
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Problems 309 Multiplying this equat
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Problems 311 entropy production rat
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Problems 313 heat is added to the b
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Problems 315 55.* Determine the max
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Problems 317 The cavitation process
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CHAPTER 10 Availability Analysis CO
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10.3 What Are Conservative Forces?
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10.6 Availability 323 WHAT IS A SYS
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10.6 Availability 325 and the total
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10.7 Closed System Availability Bal
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10.7 Closed System Availability Bal
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10.8 Flow Availability 331 EXAMPLE
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s − s 0 = c ln T T 0 10.8 Flow Av
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10.10 Modified Availability Rate Ba
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10.10 Modified Availability Rate Ba
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10.11 Energy Efficiency Based on th
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Summary 351 In this problem, we hav
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Summary 353 7. The general open sys
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Problems 355 12.5 Btu/hr·ft ·R. I
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Problems 357 flow rate of 15.0 lbm/
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Problems 359 85. Create a specific
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CHAPTER 11 More Thermodynamic Relat
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11.2 Two New Properties: Helmholtz
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11.2 Two New Properties: Helmholtz
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11.4 Maxwell Equations 367 11.4 MAX
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11.4 Maxwell Equations 369 then,
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11.5 The Clapeyron Equation 371 and
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11.6 Determining u, h, and s from p
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11.7 Constructing Tables and Charts
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11.8 Thermodynamic Charts 381 so th
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11.9 Gas Tables 383 where p r is th
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11.10 Compressibility Factor and Ge
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11.11 Is Steam Ever an Ideal Gas? 3
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Summary 399 equation, and a series
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Problems 401 20.* Estimate h fg for
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Problems 403 Design Problems The fo
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CHAPTER 12 Mixtures of Gases and Va
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12.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Ga
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12.3 Mixtures of Ideal Gases 413 Th
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12.3 Mixtures of Ideal Gases 415 Co
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12.4 Psychrometrics 417 Finally, th
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12.4 Psychrometrics 419 EXAMPLE 12.
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12.6 The Sling Psychrometer 421 The
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12.6 The Sling Psychrometer 423 p w
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12.7 Air Conditioning 425 WHAT ENVI
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12.8 Psychrometric Enthalpies 427 E
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12.8 Psychrometric Enthalpies 429 o
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 431 Whe
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 433 and
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 435 The
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12.9 Mixtures of Real Gases 437 Sol
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Summary 439 Last, we combine Dalton
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Problems 443 exhaust gas is an idea
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Problems 445 57.* Cooling towers ar
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CHAPTER 13 Vapor and Gas Power Cycl
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13.2 Part I. Engines and Vapor Powe
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13.4 Rankine Cycle 457 A B Reversib
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 459 For
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 461 13.
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 463 b.
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13.5 Operating Efficiencies 465 Sta
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13.6 Rankine Cycle with Superheat 4
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13.7 Rankine Cycle with Regeneratio
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13.8 The Development of the Steam T
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13.9 Rankine Cycle with Reheat 477
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13.9 Rankine Cycle with Reheat 479
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13.10 Modern Steam Power Plants 481
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13.12 Air Standard Power Cycles 487
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13.13 Stirling Cycle 489 Q H 4 1 4
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13.14 Ericsson Cycle 491 Q H 4 1 3
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13.15 Lenoir Cycle 493 Exercises 28
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13.16 Brayton Cycle 495 Solution Us
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13.16 Brayton Cycle 497 Equation (7
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13.17 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
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13.17 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
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13.18 Otto Cycle 503 T Q H 1 1 1 v
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13.18 Otto Cycle 505 Exercises 40.
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13.18 Otto Cycle 507 and, since the
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13.20 Miller Cycle 509 13.19.1 Mode
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13.20 Miller Cycle 511 Then, from F
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13.21 Diesel Cycle 513 to stroll on
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13.21 Diesel Cycle 515 Solution a.
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13.22 Modern Prime Mover Developmen
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13.23 Second Law Analysis of Vapor
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Summary 525 Fill port 160 mm End of
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Problems 527 7. The thermal efficie
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efficiency increase if the condense
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Problems 531 horsepower hour. Assum
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Problems 533 72. Determine the valu
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CHAPTER 14 Vapor and Gas Refrigerat
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14.3 Carnot Refrigeration Cycle 537
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14.4 In the Beginning There Was Ice
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14.4 In the Beginning There Was Ice
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14.5 Vapor-Compression Refrigeratio
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14.5 Vapor-Compression Refrigeratio
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14.6 Refrigerants 547 T 3 2s 2 p 3
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14.7 Refrigerant Numbers 549 14.7 R
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14.7 Refrigerant Numbers 551 R-110
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14.8 CFCs and the Ozone Layer 553 H
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14.9 Cascade and Multistage Vapor-C
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14.10 Absorption Refrigeration 561
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14.11 Commercial and Household Refr
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14.14 Reversed Brayton Cycle Refrig
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14.14 Reversed Brayton Cycle Refrig
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14.15 Reversed Stirling Cycle Refri
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14.16 Miscellaneous Refrigeration T
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14.16 Miscellaneous Refrigeration T
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14.18 Second Law Analysis of Refrig
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14.18 Second Law Analysis of Refrig
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2. The coefficient of performance o
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Problems 585 13.* A refrigeration u
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Problems 587 Loop B Station 1B Stat
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Problems 589 under these conditions
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CHAPTER 15 Chemical Thermodynamics
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15.2 Stoichiometric Equations 593 1
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15.2 Stoichiometric Equations 595 C
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15.3 Organic Fuels 597 ANSWERS SOME
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15.4 Fuel Modeling 599 Hydrocarbon
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15.4 Fuel Modeling 601 equation, si
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15.5 Standard Reference State 603 I
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15.6 Heat of Formation 605 and H 2
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 607 EXAMPLE 1
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 609 CRITICAL
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15.7 Heat of Reaction 611 Then, h P
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15.8 Adiabatic Flame Temperature 61
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15.9 Maximum Explosion Pressure 619
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15.10 Entropy Production in Chemica
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15.10 Entropy Production in Chemica
Page 650 and 651:
15.11 Entropy of Formation and Gibb
Page 652 and 653:
15.12 Chemical Equilibrium and Diss
Page 654 and 655:
Page 656 and 657:
Page 658 and 659:
H 2 O !ð1 − yÞH 2 O + yðv H2
Page 660 and 661:
15.14 The van’t Hoff Equation 635
Page 662 and 663:
15.15 Fuel Cells 637 Anode Electrol
Page 664 and 665:
15.15 Fuel Cells 639 The maximum po
Page 666 and 667:
15.16 Chemical Availability 641 and
Page 668 and 669:
ðn i /n fuel Þðc pi Þ E system
Page 670 and 671:
Problems 645 where j = 4n + m kgmol
Page 672 and 673:
Problems 647 c. The percent excess
Page 674 and 675:
Problems 649 77. Determine the mola
Page 676 and 677:
CHAPTER 16 Compressible Fluid Flow
Page 678 and 679:
16.3 Isentropic Stagnation Properti
Page 680 and 681:
16.4 The Mach Number 655 Note that
Page 682 and 683:
16.4 The Mach Number 657 Table 16.1
Page 684 and 685:
16.4 The Mach Number 659 Since for
Page 686 and 687:
16.5 Converging-Diverging Flows 661
Page 688 and 689:
16.5 Converging-Diverging Flows 663
Page 690 and 691:
16.6 Choked Flow 665 T a a p a = co
Page 692 and 693:
16.6 Choked Flow 667 Exercises 16.
Page 694 and 695:
16.7 Reynolds Transport Theorem 669
Page 696 and 697:
16.7 Reynolds Transport Theorem 671
Page 698 and 699:
16.8 Linear Momentum Rate Balance 6
Page 700 and 701:
16.9 Shock Waves 675 16.9 SHOCK WAV
Page 702 and 703:
16.9 Shock Waves 677 and, for an id
Page 704 and 705:
16.9 Shock Waves 679 6 5 4 S P /(m
Page 706 and 707:
16.10 Nozzle and Diffuser Efficienc
Page 708 and 709:
16.10 Nozzle and Diffuser Efficienc
Page 710 and 711:
Summary 685 Since for a diffuser, M
Page 712 and 713:
Page 714 and 715:
43. 0.800 lbm/s of air passes throu
Page 716 and 717:
Problems 691 A plot of this functio
Page 718 and 719:
CHAPTER 17 Thermodynamics of Biolog
Page 720 and 721:
17.3 Thermodynamics of Biological C
Page 722 and 723:
17.3 Thermodynamics of Biological C
Page 724 and 725:
17.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency o
Page 726 and 727:
17.4 Energy Conversion Efficiency o
Page 728 and 729:
17.5 Metabolism 703 Table 17.3 Brea
Page 730 and 731:
17.6 Thermodynamics of Nutrition an
Page 732 and 733:
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
17.7 Limits to Biological Growth 71
Page 738 and 739:
17.7 Limits to Biological Growth 71
Page 740 and 741:
17.8 Locomotion Transport Number 71
Page 742 and 743:
17.9 Thermodynamics of Aging and De
Page 744 and 745:
17.9 Thermodynamics of Aging and De
Page 746 and 747:
1/3 V most efficient = P o ρAC D S
Page 748 and 749:
Problems 723 a. If the monster cons
Page 750 and 751:
Problems 725 the officer asks Paul
Page 752 and 753:
CHAPTER 18 Introduction to Statisti
Page 754 and 755:
18.3 Kinetic Theory of Gases 729 3.
Page 756 and 757:
U trans = 3 2 NkT (Continued ) 18.3
Page 758 and 759:
18.4 Intermolecular Collisions 733
Page 760 and 761:
18.5 Molecular Velocity Distributio
Page 762 and 763:
18.5 Molecular Velocity Distributio
Page 764 and 765:
18.6 Equipartition of Energy 739 We
Page 766 and 767:
18.7 Introduction to Mathematical P
Page 768 and 769:
Page 770 and 771:
Page 772 and 773:
18.8 Quantum Statistical Thermodyna
Page 774 and 775: 18.9 Three Classical Quantum Statis
Page 776 and 777: 18.11 Monatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann G
Page 778 and 779: 18.12 Diatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann Ga
Page 780 and 781: 18.12 Diatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann Ga
Page 782 and 783: 18.13 Polyatomic Maxwell-Boltzmann
Page 784 and 785: Summary 759 In this chapter, we sum
Page 786 and 787: Problems 761 4. Find the temperatur
Page 788 and 789: CHAPTER 19 Introduction to Coupled
Page 790 and 791: 19.3 Linear Phenomenological Equati
Page 792 and 793: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 767 Eq
Page 794 and 795: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 769 Th
Page 796 and 797: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 771 wh
Page 798 and 799: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 773 Th
Page 800 and 801: 19.4 Thermoelectric Coupling 775 b.
Page 802 and 803: 19.5 Thermomechanical Coupling 777
Page 808 and 809: water), it seems reasonable that li
Page 810 and 811: Problems 785 b. For a Knudson gas,
Page 812 and 813: Appendix A: Physical Constants and
Page 814 and 815: Appendix B: Greek and Latin Origins
Page 816 and 817: Appendix B 791 Table B.4 Plural End
Page 818 and 819: Index Page numbers followed by f in
Page 820 and 821: Index 795 E e (specific energy), 10
Page 822 and 823: Index 797 Isobaric coefficient of v
Page 826 and 827: Index 801 William III, King of Engl
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Modern Engineering Thermodynamics

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