Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository

The source and target texts to which we will apply our model are
finalized texts. They represent a variety of text types which subsumes
narrative, poetic, scientific, and hybrid texts. The languages in
which source and target texts are written are Arabic and English.
TEXT I (narrative)
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(The Down Tree of Wad Hamid) is a short story
written by Tayeb Salih, a contemporary Sudanese novelist and a short-
story writer. The text was published by Dar al-Awdah, Beirut, in 1970
along with six other short stories. Its English translation was first
published in the November issue of the 'Encounter'; a translation into
German was made from the English and published in the March 1962 issue
of 'Der Monat', and a translation into Italian appeared in the 1964
edition of 'Le Piu Belle Novelle di Tutti i Paesi'. The story also
appeared in 'Modern Arabic Short Stories' (Oxford University Press,
1967), translated and selected by Denys Johnson-Davies.
Two participants are involved in the discourse: the narrator and
the narratee. The narrator is himself the author or the story-teller.
He has a message to communicate, a network of intentions to unfold.
His omnipresence is felt throughout. Every word, phrase, or sentence-
indeed every structure - is a symbol of his domineering character. The
narratee, on the other hand, is hardly felt. He could be anyone, not
necessarily a schoolboy. He is an imaginary creation of the author's,
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