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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION vi I TRANSLATION THEORY: A COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS 1 Preliminary Considerations 1 The Philosophical Component 2 Equivalence in Translation 9 The Communicative Component 27 The Semiotic Component 45 Sentence or Text 47 Text as the Appropriate Unit of Translation 49 Text and Non-Text 55 II A CRITIQUE OF EXISTING TRANSLATION MODELS 62 The Language-oriented Approach 63 The Cross-cultural Approach 69 The Interpretive Approach 76 The Text-Typological Model 82 The Hermeneutic Model 93 The Rhetorical Model 100 III ACTIVATION OF THE MODEL 112 Preliminary Considerations 112 Method of Analysis 118 Morphological Correspondence 120 Syntactic Correspondence, 125
Lexical Correspondence. 128 Identification of Meaning Categories 131 Obligatory Meaning 133 Extended Meaning 140 Accessory Meaning 146 Justification of the Model 150 IV IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL 154 How a Text is Analysed 154 Applying the Model to TT-ST Comparison 159 The Experiment 211 CONCLUSION 217 BIBLIOGRAPHY 221 APPENDIX 228
Page 1: TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT AN A
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Translation quality assess
Page 7 and 8: texts are identified before assessm
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION This thesis focuses on
Page 11 and 12: components. However, more important
Page 13 and 14: PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER
Page 15 and 16: translation quality assessment? Wor
Page 17 and 18: elease Bayzantine prisoners in exch
Page 19 and 20: should have a perfect knowledge of
Page 21 and 22: translation was eventually cleared.
Page 23 and 24: (2) The style and manner of writing
Page 25 and 26: TL texts, and finally bring the rec
Page 27 and 28: (3) Stylistic equivalence, where th
Page 29 and 30: in two different languages cannot b
Page 31 and 32: Neubert goes on to discuss the ways
Page 33 and 34: Lotman (1976, pp153-96) argues that
Page 35 and 36: (a) "the concept of translation equ
Page 37 and 38: (structural) equivalences provided
Page 39 and 40: equivalence obtaining between TT an
Page 41 and 42: in various ways according to the ma
Page 43 and 44: Roman Jakobson adds another three f
Page 45 and 46: The communicative approach, of whic
Page 47 and 48: claims, "free from the formal conta
Page 49 and 50: to a certain system, to another sem
Page 51 and 52: (3) RECEPTORS The author of a text
Page 53 and 54:
Messages are linguistically set to
Page 55 and 56:
p192) In immediate interpersonal co
Page 57 and 58:
concerning the communication situat
Page 59 and 60:
level of the individual sentence? B
Page 61 and 62:
In Europe, the linguistic analysis
Page 63 and 64:
demarcation lines between a sentenc
Page 65 and 66:
conditioned by the author's state o
Page 67 and 68:
elevant issues encountered in text-
Page 69 and 70:
features or goals with other texts
Page 71 and 72:
the source text, a step which comes
Page 73 and 74:
and confusing to obscure these diff
Page 75 and 76:
Translation is a relational concept
Page 77 and 78:
other replacement except what gramm
Page 79 and 80:
intersemiotic - springs from and po
Page 81 and 82:
the grammars of both SL and TL text
Page 83 and 84:
unbridgeable. Strategies to bridge
Page 85 and 86:
Moreover, the ability of both child
Page 87 and 88:
he understands the cultural pattern
Page 89 and 90:
to translation is unilaterally mean
Page 91 and 92:
to be considered translations? Is a
Page 93 and 94:
purposes. The transfer operation fo
Page 95 and 96:
In political discourses, however, p
Page 97 and 98:
language. Translations of medical,
Page 99 and 100:
are pragmatically a single text but
Page 101 and 102:
and 'relations' in terms of non-eva
Page 103 and 104:
dependent layers of pragmatic, semi
Page 105 and 106:
What matters more is the ways and m
Page 107 and 108:
(texte) is open, mobile, vibrating
Page 109 and 110:
Post-war linguists shifted their fo
Page 111 and 112:
personalities. He attributed this c
Page 113 and 114:
is interpretable form its language,
Page 115 and 116:
potential' of the source text be pr
Page 117 and 118:
Hatim's arbitrary distinction betwe
Page 119 and 120:
accessory meaning structures. Oblig
Page 121 and 122:
semantics and the speech act theory
Page 123 and 124:
Premised on a rigorous committment
Page 125 and 126:
implemented, will help him achieve
Page 127 and 128:
etween the translator as TL text-or
Page 129 and 130:
The rhetorical model sets out to re
Page 131 and 132:
SL text will have to be dismantled
Page 133 and 134:
consists of two words: 'istaktabtuh
Page 135 and 136:
The question of tense, which marks
Page 137 and 138:
B. SYNTACTIC CORRESPONDENCE Anyone
Page 139 and 140:
specific clause type in the recepto
Page 141 and 142:
lexical items in any language devel
Page 143 and 144:
The translator's exhaustive and pai
Page 145 and 146:
this is achieved, semantic equivale
Page 147 and 148:
agreement, and the verb/adverb prox
Page 149 and 150:
object. If, in English, the adverb
Page 151 and 152:
extracted from the text-supplied (l
Page 153 and 154:
identifiable in terms of its contri
Page 155 and 156:
In a literary text, the translator
Page 157 and 158:
as impressive or forceful as it is
Page 159 and 160:
The rhetorical model is primarily a
Page 161 and 162:
apprehension, repulsiveness, or dis
Page 163 and 164:
(5) Once completed, leave the trans
Page 165 and 166:
literary, literary, and hybrid or f
Page 167 and 168:
I have mentioned earlier that textu
Page 169 and 170:
The second stanza opens with a nega
Page 171 and 172:
perceived. Only extensions of the o
Page 173 and 174:
one to whom the message is addresse
Page 175 and 176:
flies and horse-flies fill the air
Page 177 and 178:
The same meaning is further develop
Page 179 and 180:
emember a friend of my son's", the
Page 181 and 182:
The same meaning is extended in the
Page 183 and 184:
immediately answered. The reader is
Page 185 and 186:
incident known in Islamic history a
Page 187 and 188:
STATEMENT OF QUALITY As I have said
Page 189 and 190:
came, by God, in droves" is rather
Page 191 and 192:
that he could, with relative ease a
Page 193 and 194:
emphatic, constitutes a juxtapositi
Page 195 and 196:
fate, nor divert the pre-planned co
Page 197 and 198:
Rendering this line into English, t
Page 199 and 200:
In translating this line, the trans
Page 201 and 202:
and death, decision and indecision,
Page 203 and 204:
embedded, should be thinned so that
Page 205 and 206:
The linguistic tools the author uti
Page 207 and 208:
Some lexical mismatches are observa
Page 209 and 210:
closely without realizing that the
Page 211 and 212:
The two re-translations, put togeth
Page 213 and 214:
TEXT IV /hybrid) This text is a , f
Page 215 and 216:
describe him, I will mention all hi
Page 217 and 218:
mundane household affairs. The 'lio
Page 219 and 220:
The eighth wife (TT) said: "My husb
Page 221 and 222:
feel proud of myself. He found me w
Page 223 and 224:
to be sacrificed to the content. Th
Page 225 and 226:
d) All informants identified the be
Page 227 and 228:
d) All informants detected an ambig
Page 229 and 230:
CONCLUSION In conclusion, we shall
Page 231 and 232:
all levels. This is discussed in Ch
Page 233 and 234:
BIBLIOGRAPHY ADEN, J M (ed.), (1963
Page 235 and 236:
FRAWLEY, W, (ed.), (1984), Translat
Page 237 and 238:
KHULUSI, S, (1986), Fann Al-Targama
Page 239 and 240:
SHAHEEN, Abdus-Sabour, (1986), Al-A
Page 241 and 242:
'71 r CI0,‘ Co. • 1/4/. Ck. CS\
Page 243 and 244:
.n•n••. < • Ci E• sc, tct
Page 245 and 246:
• • 1.54:•71.7 , • . • .
Page 247 and 248:
250 THE JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIE
Page 249 and 250:
• °aro. J4 L .01..) 42,1 • 0 j
Page 251 and 252:
J 51211 al.)1 J110, J,•- . t_13;1
Page 253 and 254:
.a)...) I ik ja.7- ji I,i I . 0-91
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• •Ij1? ZA.p.u. igiL Lid;,A . G
Page 257 and 258:
•g • cie.C.A.c) 431 JU di Li ot
Page 259 and 260:
6c. 4..:43,11 U5Z 6?- 1Li . 61), 1A
Page 261 and 262:
•IA 0t5j—jj)II (put.. . 4.4,4 0
Page 263 and 264:
cerc. iiiLi LI 0,..?,.;) iLi) 41441
Page 265 and 266:
TT 1 - Were you to come to our vill
Page 267 and 268:
The doum tree of Wad Hamid 3 to sho
Page 269 and 270:
6 The doum tree of Wad Hamid Wherev
Page 271 and 272:
8 The doum tree of Wad Hamid out at
Page 273 and 274:
lo The doum tree of Wad Hamid and s
Page 275 and 276:
The domn Iree qf Wad Hamid 13 sound
Page 277 and 278:
doum tree of Wad liana 5 I shall no
Page 279 and 280:
The down tree qf Wad Hamid i 7 what
Page 281 and 282:
The doum tree of Wad Hamid me with
Page 283 and 284:
271 ST11. : TaKen trom: POET:IY by
Page 285 and 286:
Other tumours, however, are often d
Page 287 and 288:
Immunotherapy is an experimental te
Page 289 and 290:
foreign and begin to destroy it. Th
Page 291 and 292:
• I; A jr6 0°-0-41 1-2-0 Le 1=9
Page 293 and 294:
"i ° 71- 6715.9-1-" 1-4--1 I " &Ie
Page 295 and 296:
83 the trouble of fetching it." (1)
Page 297 and 298:
285 85 A with my family who were me
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