Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository

(2) Interlingual translation, or translation proper, is an
(3)
interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other
langauge.
Intersemiotic translation, or transmutation, is an
interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-
verbal sign system."
('On Translation' edited by A Brower, 1959)
Oral communication messages possess certain paralinguistic
features such as pitch, intonation, speed of utterance, etc, which
are unfound in written messages. Nevertheless, some such, or
similar, features are deducible in written messages from
punctuation marks which mark shifts of focus and identify meaning
priorities. But it remains to be emphasized that the tonal quality
of voice, facial expressions, pitch levels, and the positions of
the body do enhance and expedite oral communication. Such
paralinguistic features impress the immediate recipients of the
oral message in a manner explicitly indicative of their role as
active, inactive, or simply indifferent participants in the
communicative event.
Semio-poetics pushes communication a bit forward. Gideon
Toury (1980, p12) regards communication as a process involving
'transfer' operations performed on one semiotic entity, belonging
36