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The communicative approach, of which Nida, Wilss, and Rose are
notable exemplaries, emphasizes the communicative aspect of discourse.
The focus is shifted to the extent to which the meaning of the source
text is transmitted to the receptors in a form that they can understand
and react to. The recaptor's role in communication is so vital that it
is made the end-result of the process of translation.
In their most recent book, Nida and de Waard (1986, pp11-19)
enumerate as many as eight principal elements involved in
communication: (1) source; (2) message; (3) receptors; (4) setting; (5)
code; (6) sense channel; (7) instrument channel; and (8) noise. We
will deal, in brief, with these elements. Heavy stress will be placed
on more prominent ones.
(1) SOURCE:
By 'source' Nida and de Waard mean the author, co-author,
or the authorial team who created the text. This concept of
'source' emerged principally from Nida's preoccupation with Bible
translating, since the extant translations of the Bible are based
on prior translations by different hands in different languages.
Source has a much wider perspective. It can relate to the text as
a closed and finalized object. It can also apply to the language
in which the text is originally written.
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