October 2010<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Logistics</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Shores</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Western</strong> MediterraneanLiberalizati<strong>on</strong> which has no strategies and is hampered by administrative obstacles will leadto a predominance <strong>of</strong> foreign operators in <strong>the</strong> logistics sector (vicious circle). C<strong>on</strong>versely,liberalizati<strong>on</strong> which has strategies for modernizing and structuring logistics clusters willencourage nati<strong>on</strong>al companies (virtuous circle).A set <strong>of</strong> recommendati<strong>on</strong>s for <strong>the</strong> regi<strong>on</strong> as a whole is listed below (specificrecommendati<strong>on</strong>s for each country are presented in paragraphs 4.2.2, 4.3.2, 4.4.2, 4.5.2 and4.6.2 <strong>of</strong> this rapport).A. Improving Relati<strong>on</strong>s Between Government Departments and Between <strong>the</strong>Government and <strong>the</strong> Private <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g>Relati<strong>on</strong>s between Government DepartmentsAs a general rule, besides different government levels, a number <strong>of</strong> Ministries are involved in<strong>the</strong> transport and logistics sector. This study’s main recommendati<strong>on</strong>s, in particular atministerial level, are <strong>the</strong> following:• Place <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Transport in charge <strong>of</strong> defining strategies related to logistics, since itis <strong>the</strong> government authority most familiar with <strong>the</strong> problems facing <strong>the</strong> sector. Thisrequest came up very frequently in <strong>the</strong> interviews.• Promote sub-c<strong>on</strong>tracting transport and logistics operati<strong>on</strong>s by organizing campaigns inthis directi<strong>on</strong> and capitalizing <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> government's ability to sub-c<strong>on</strong>tract. This type <strong>of</strong>acti<strong>on</strong> will lead to market growth and increase customer pressure for improvements,which will be particularly beneficial to internal logistics in <strong>the</strong>se countries.Relati<strong>on</strong>s between Government Departments and <strong>the</strong> Private <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> improvement <strong>of</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s is a key factor for <strong>the</strong> correct operati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> acti<strong>on</strong> plans and <strong>the</strong>irimplementati<strong>on</strong>. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> main recommendati<strong>on</strong>s are <strong>the</strong> following:• C<strong>on</strong>sult operators in <strong>the</strong> sector and ensure <strong>the</strong>y are involved in strategic planning as wellas follow-up and m<strong>on</strong>itoring <strong>of</strong> acti<strong>on</strong> programmes.• On <strong>the</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>al level, create bodies for public-private cooperati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> topics such asdeveloping regulati<strong>on</strong>s aimed at <strong>the</strong> transport and logistics sector, c<strong>on</strong>trolling <strong>the</strong>ir12 CETMO
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Logistics</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Shores</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Western</strong> Mediterranean October 2010enforcement, developing and implementing specific vocati<strong>on</strong>al-training plans andinvolving banks in financing <strong>the</strong> sector, a crucial topic menti<strong>on</strong>ed by nearly every<strong>on</strong>einterviewed in each country.• Work toge<strong>the</strong>r to define a development strategy for <strong>the</strong> private sector since, as <strong>the</strong>present situati<strong>on</strong> shows, liberalizati<strong>on</strong> al<strong>on</strong>e is not enough to create a structured,competitive logistics sector.• Establish permanent dialogue with operators and distribute informati<strong>on</strong>. This is <strong>the</strong> bestway to foster <strong>the</strong> creati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essi<strong>on</strong>al associati<strong>on</strong>s and ward <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> excessiveindividualism that currently prevails. If government departments will not listen to sectoralorganizati<strong>on</strong>s or negotiate with <strong>the</strong>m, business creati<strong>on</strong> is likely to suffer.B. Streng<strong>the</strong>ning Business StructuresStr<strong>on</strong>g business vitality was noted particularly in <strong>the</strong> private sector. However, companiesshowed serious shortfalls in different domains, notably strategic management, <strong>the</strong>organizati<strong>on</strong> and management <strong>of</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s (working methods, integrati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> technologies,quality systems), marketing and sales. Modernizati<strong>on</strong> programmes tend to resolve suchproblems, but generally <strong>on</strong>ly c<strong>on</strong>cern SMEs and are not managed by <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong>Transport. It is <strong>the</strong>refore recommended:• Ensure that <strong>the</strong> approach and criteria for implementati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> programmes enable <strong>the</strong>Ministry <strong>of</strong> Transport to play <strong>the</strong> principal role, so that programmes are as specific aspossible and better coordinated with strategies for improving <strong>the</strong> logistics sector.C. Planning Change in Crucial <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g>sCertain basic horiz<strong>on</strong>tal problems such as <strong>the</strong> fragmentati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> road transport, <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> alogistics culture and logistics operators, al<strong>on</strong>g with operati<strong>on</strong>al problems at ports arecomm<strong>on</strong> to all <strong>the</strong> countries analysed. Here, improvements <strong>of</strong> a general kind (regulati<strong>on</strong>s,taxati<strong>on</strong>, etc.) or generic implementati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> modernizing programmes do not seem enough.Specific plans need to be designed, more advanced outside help obtained and a more globalapproach c<strong>on</strong>sidered, possibly even <strong>on</strong> a scale encompassing <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maghreb. Inthis domain, <strong>the</strong> main recommendati<strong>on</strong>s are <strong>the</strong> following:• With help from Europe, study how <strong>the</strong> road-transport sector can be restructured,preferably across <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maghreb, to counter un<strong>of</strong>ficial transport and its destructuringeffects; reduce fragmentati<strong>on</strong> and promote <strong>the</strong> creati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> larger companies.<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> case <strong>of</strong> Spain (Strategic Plan for <strong>the</strong> Transport <strong>of</strong> Goods by Road, PETRA) is aninteresting reference, since it is also a country suffering from fragmentati<strong>on</strong>.• Analyse <strong>the</strong> experience <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r developed and developing countries where logisticsoperators are established and develop a list <strong>of</strong> good practices to promote this sector <strong>of</strong>activity.• Define an efficiency scenario for ports <strong>on</strong> both shores <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Western</strong> Mediterranean,including Ro-Ro and c<strong>on</strong>tainer traffic, in order to reduce current bottlenecks in <strong>the</strong>transport chain for imports and exports alike.D. Streng<strong>the</strong>ning <strong>the</strong> Effects <strong>of</strong> Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Improvements in <strong>the</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> plans and projects that countries are starting to implement address certain basicshortfalls in <strong>the</strong> transport and logistics sector: logistics hubs, training and c<strong>on</strong>trols forenforcing regulati<strong>on</strong>s. To succeed in intensifying <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se improvements to <strong>the</strong>CETMO 13
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