October 2010<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Logistics</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Shores</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Western</strong> MediterraneanServices Offered• <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> rail network will transport all kinds <strong>of</strong> cargo, from intermodal units to general andbulk cargo, within Libya and internati<strong>on</strong>ally (mainly via <strong>the</strong> ports).Maritime Transport and <strong>the</strong> Port IndustryMarket Structure• In 2009, total maritime traffic in Libya exceeded 14.5 milli<strong>on</strong> t<strong>on</strong>nes, not countingc<strong>on</strong>tainers (549,000 TEU) and oil products (which exceeded 77 milli<strong>on</strong> t<strong>on</strong>nes). <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>breakdown by cargo type is as follows:Cargo typeT<strong>on</strong>nes (milli<strong>on</strong>s)General cargo 11.81Bulk cargo 0.7Steel (Misurata Steel 2Company)Total 14.51• <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> country has a total <strong>of</strong> 18 ports, including commercial, industrial and oil ports.Distributi<strong>on</strong> by port (excluding oil traffic) is as follows:8 SPC ports* Misurata Port289,000 TEU 260,000 TEU7.2 milli<strong>on</strong> t<strong>on</strong>nes cargo (see 3.56 m t<strong>on</strong>nes general cargodetails in table below)700,000 t<strong>on</strong>nes bulk cargo2,036 ships 1,183 ships(*) Tripoli, Benghazi Derna, Raslanuf, El-Brega, Alkhoms, Tobrukand Zwara ports, where cargo is handled by <strong>the</strong> Socialist Port Company (SPC).• <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> table below shows <strong>the</strong> evoluti<strong>on</strong> and compositi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> traffic through <strong>the</strong> eight portsmanaged by <strong>the</strong> SPC:YEARS 2006 2007 2008 2009 TotalGENERAL CARGO(in t<strong>on</strong>nes)BULK CARGO(in t<strong>on</strong>nes)BAGGED CARGO(in t<strong>on</strong>nes)859,359 1,403,665 2,898,805 4,317,762 9,479,5911,315,627 911,845 1,825,718 2,217,393 6,270,583983,447 728,523 688,365 718,860 3,119,195TOTAL 3,158,433 3,044,033 5,412,888 7,254,015 18,869,369UNLOADING CONTAINERS 97,352 109,994 143,421 146,018 496,785LOADING CONTAINERS 93,123 98,972 136,047 142,670 470,812TOTAL 190,475 208,966 279,468 288,688 967,59748 CETMO
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Logistics</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Sector</str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Shores</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Western</strong> Mediterranean October 2010• <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> major general-cargo ports are Tripoli, Benghazi and Misurata. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> latter is <strong>the</strong> <strong>on</strong>lyport open 24 hours a day and for <strong>the</strong> last three years it has had a 2,500-ha free z<strong>on</strong>e,through which around 3 milli<strong>on</strong> t<strong>on</strong>nes <strong>of</strong> cargo pass every year. It also has a steelcomplex and a steel port, and an expansi<strong>on</strong> project for heavy industry aims to expand <strong>the</strong>free z<strong>on</strong>e by 3,000 hectares. Misurata is a deep-water port and handles almost 50% <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> total freight that passes through Libyan ports, and plans to make it a strategic porthub for North Africa were discussed with <strong>the</strong> European Uni<strong>on</strong>.• Prices for port services: <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>re is a list <strong>of</strong> prices put forward by <strong>the</strong> Libyan Ports &Maritime Transport Authority (LPMTA) and approved by <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Transportati<strong>on</strong>,which was previously discussed by <strong>the</strong> port authorities and <strong>the</strong> SPC. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> prices appliedcorresp<strong>on</strong>d exactly to <strong>the</strong> approved list. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> prices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> port authorities include pricesfor tankers and for cargo, with <strong>the</strong> former being higher in Libya.Regulati<strong>on</strong> and Government C<strong>on</strong>trol• Libya has been a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Internati<strong>on</strong>al Maritime Organizati<strong>on</strong> (IMO) since 1971and is hoping to be included so<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Standards <strong>of</strong> Training, Certificati<strong>on</strong> &Watchkeeping (STCW) C<strong>on</strong>venti<strong>on</strong> 95 white list. N<strong>on</strong>-inclusi<strong>on</strong> is a problem at present,as vessels sailing under <strong>the</strong> Libyan flag are operated by Libyans and, although <strong>the</strong>ircrews are trained, this training does not meet <strong>the</strong> internati<strong>on</strong>al standards set by <strong>the</strong> IMO.Libya passed a maritime law that made <strong>the</strong> Libyan Ports & Maritime Transport Authority(LPMTA) resp<strong>on</strong>sible for planning, administrati<strong>on</strong> and c<strong>on</strong>trol <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country’s maritimeand port industries. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> LPMTA is not involved in port operati<strong>on</strong>, however; this is <strong>the</strong>resp<strong>on</strong>sibility <strong>of</strong> each port authority or operators such as <strong>the</strong> SPC.<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> usual process is for maritime laws to be revised every five to seven years, inaccordance with IMO standards. At present, <strong>the</strong> LPMTA is helping <strong>the</strong> Ministry carry outa benchmarking study <strong>of</strong> Maghreb and Gulf countries in order to determine whichregulati<strong>on</strong>s work best and can be adapted most successfully to <strong>the</strong> Libyan c<strong>on</strong>text. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>study will be used to reform <strong>the</strong> country’s maritime traffic laws.Business Structure• Maritime transport in Libya is provided by <strong>the</strong> foreign shipping companies that serve WestAfrica (Maersk, MSC, CMA CGM, Grimaldi, Neptun, Senator, Tarros and o<strong>the</strong>rs). <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>country’s nati<strong>on</strong>al shipping company is <strong>the</strong> General Nati<strong>on</strong>al Maritime TransportCompany, which at present is dedicated to oil traffic, although it wishes to diversify intoo<strong>the</strong>r activities.• <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> State-owned SPC provides port services such as pilotage, towing, handling,warehousing and interior transport to Tripoli, Benghazi, Derna, Ras-Lanuf, El-Brega,Alkhoms, Tobruk and Zwara ports. Misurata port and its free z<strong>on</strong>e are operated by <strong>the</strong>Misurata Free Z<strong>on</strong>e Company. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> specialized terminals (steel, oil) are operated by <strong>the</strong>relevant industrial companies.• <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>re are around 300 forwarding agents (although many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m work for <strong>on</strong>ly three orfour clients) and a similar number <strong>of</strong> customs agents. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> two pr<strong>of</strong>essi<strong>on</strong>s are incompetiti<strong>on</strong> with <strong>on</strong>e ano<strong>the</strong>r, as <strong>the</strong> forwarding agents also have customs agents due to<strong>the</strong> necessity <strong>of</strong> having such a figure to handle import and export procedures withcustoms. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>re is also competiti<strong>on</strong> between forwarding agents and shipping agents, whoare legally permitted to carry out freight-c<strong>on</strong>solidati<strong>on</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s and have <strong>the</strong>ir owncustoms-c<strong>on</strong>trolled warehouses.CETMO 49
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