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Skinner, Q. (1988). Language and social change. In J. Tully (Ed.), Meaning and context ( 119–132). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Tidd, J., & Bessant J. R. (2012). Managing innovation: Integrating technological, market and organizational change (4th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. The American heritage dictionary of English language online. (n.d.). Available from https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/howtouse.html. 283
ASSESSING FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF ENTERPRISES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT WORLD REGIONS Bożena FRĄCZEK University of Economics in Katowice, Finance and Insurance Faculty, Department of Banking and Financial Markets, Katowice, Poland. Abstract Financial inclusion is defined as the access to a wide range of regulated financial products and services and broadening their use by all segments of society is usually considered from the point of view of individual financial consumers. But the problem of financial inclusion refers to individuals as well as to the other entities. The degree of financial inclusion is probably not the same, considering different target groups or taking into account developed and developing countries or different regions in the world (Frączek and Mitręga-Niestrój, 2014). With a view to the great role of financial inclusion in enterprises and considering their role in economy, the context of financial inclusion for enterprise and business purposes seems to be also very important. Underlying the meaning of the financial inclusion for both individuals and business, the objectives of the paper are the presentation of the main areas of financial inclusion and comparing the degree of usage the basic financial products and services between individuals and firms in different regions in the world. It turns out that the gap in access and use of financial products and services still remains a challenge, especially for individuals, small and medium enterprises and poorer regions in the world (low-income countries). Keywords: financial inclusion, financial products and financial services, economic growth, financial inclusion in enterprises, SME. Introduction The degree of financial inclusion understood as access to and usage of basic financial services is very diverse in the world. Another important fact is, that in the world is observed an increase of financial inclusion (World Bank, 2015b; World Bank, 2012). But although the situation is changing - the degree of financial inclusion, it is still unsatisfactory in comparison to the scale and pace of the financial markets development. In the process of expanding the degree of financial inclusion in the world, it is very important to be aware how much is a given financial product or service actually valuable to its users, because it reflects how frequently that product or service is used. It means that usually underlined access to financial products and services is not key issue in financial inclusion. The most important challenge for financial inclusion is the universal access to a wide range of financial services that can be used when and as needed. Further financial inclusion is emerging as a priority that is necessary for further development of today’s financial markets and economies in particular countries or regions. Recently more and more attention is paid to financial inclusion, taking account of its role in ensuring the current and future financial wellbeing of individuals (households) and considering the impact of financial inclusion on running business as well as functioning and development of financial markets and economy. Access to appropriate financial products and services may allow the poor or otherwise disadvantaged individuals to find an appropriate way to invest in physical assets and education, reducing income inequality and at the same time may contribute to economic growth. Also in the case of enterprises the access to bank loans, credits, leasing or other forms of funding by formal financial institutions is a crucial issue in their production, 284
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PROCEEDINGS OF The International Bu
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Proceedings of the International Bu
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Costs and Benefits of Marketing Com
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Sources of Competitive Advantage in
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INNOVATIVE THINKING AS A REQUIREMEN
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The participants of the conducted s
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thinking: nature, specific traits,
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4. The training programs aimed at t
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second reason lies in the specifics
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Conclusions To sum up, it should be
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the impact of the macro-environment
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Creativity Figure 2. The structure
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Boden (2004) distinguishes two broa
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consists of factors and trends oper
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Druzhinin, 1999 Gebert, 2002 Krause
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Table 4. Details of the respondents
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Figure 5. Distribution of expectati
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climate, which obstructs the expres
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Simonton, D. K. (2003). Scientific
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Unlocking and diffusing environment
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11. Aping: a copy cat is possible b
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finding tours, network sessions, id
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Conclusions Although this research
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THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE STUDENTS
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135 (47.4 percent) students, the re
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and agreeableness. Most researchers
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individuals with strongly expressed
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of statistics were identified in th
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When analysing the data of the Crea
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Childishness 5.77 1.79 5.46 1.66 1.
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Generalizing the obtained results i
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openness to experience in students
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the third year students, as well as
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Wang, N., Jome, L. M., Haase, R. F.
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Csikszentmihalyi (1991) concurs and
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Pictures, imaging, perception and m
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participants had given their consen
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Kirkpatrick D. (1994) cited Rigg &
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the ability to transform the existi
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Almost 70 percent of the students i
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The respondents studying at the Fac
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with other faculties who are willin
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INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE ICT SOLUTIO
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The author suggests that the proces
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activity (e.g. between two and thre
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characteristics of innovative ICT s
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Innovative and creative business so
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type of projector. Its type and cap
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Badzioska, E. (2016). The Concept o
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BUILDING RESILIENT ORGANIZATIONS AN
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Even though open innovation is most
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Most of the wood construction -rela
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MEE (Finnish Ministry of Employment
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the concept. Conceptual layer is co
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It is important to indicate the acc
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elationship can have the impact on
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THE USE OF TIME-DRIVEN ACTIVITY BAS
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The term of time consuming includes
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Table 1. The time equation of purch
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In the classical approach of accoun
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COSTS AND BENEFITS OF MARKETING COM
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Marketing experts A total of 13 mar
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No common rules, but facilitators D
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For radio spots and TV ads, adverti
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interviewed companies were locally
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(Objectives of) the most used and b
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Table 7. Correlation of interest in
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selected by companies amid various
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Exhibit 1). This shows a clear conn
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Brand awareness is thought to accru
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celebration, victory and the epitom
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eaching and identifying with their
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2014). This worked to increase awar
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Exhibit 6. Impact of Marketing Tech
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McDonald, Colin. (1991). Sponsorshi
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products dedicated to older consume
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The study was conducted in November
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The study was conducted by question
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The research results also showed th
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stages. (Freeman, Soete, 2001). Kul
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and process innovations and innovat
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company's innovation culture. For e
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Conclusions Reviewing the definitio
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ONE DOWNTOWN STREET. ONE DOWNTOWN P
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construction of new ones while othe
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association of post-earthquake buil
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After carrying out of this inquiry,
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SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS INFLUENCES ON
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Social Media Definition of social m
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Forums Perhaps the forums came befo
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find 80% their prefer shops online
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ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT GENERATION
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Table 1. Generations of Georgian po
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FOOD-RELATED LIFESTYLE AS AN INNOVA
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The eco-moderate food consumer, Th
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Source: author’s elaboration. Fig
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Cholewa-Wójcik, A., & Świda, J. (
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The aim of work is to analyze diffe
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The results of empirical research c
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Legal framework According Hattori a
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on companies as it’s a key elemen
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Figure 5. Opinion about false adver
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EVALUATION OF POSSIBILITIES TO CHAN
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logistics is to save resources, to
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Figure 2. Review of Cargo handling
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Air pollution passes into other sph
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Figure 6. The Cascade bulk cargo ha
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Figure 8. Principle of dust suppres
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WHEN SHARED VALUE MEETS CREATIVITY:
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Figure 1. Value creation framework
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in private people who are oriented
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“Creative thinking led to Nobel P
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offer the machine, for free. Then t
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Yunus, M., Dalsace, F., Menasce, D.
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Clearly declarative character, mani
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management, because it would mean t
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Page 235 and 236: Figure 6. Problems noticed in enter
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Page 241 and 242: Table 2. Industrial state problems
Page 243 and 244: Acting boldly without being limited
Page 245 and 246: SOCIAL STAKEHOLDERS APPROACH TO TRA
Page 247 and 248: Assessing Vilniaus kolegija/Univers
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Page 251 and 252: S. Pogosian and I. Dzemyda (2012) n
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Page 259 and 260: Edquist C. & Hommen L. Comparing na
Page 261 and 262: In 1997, this ‘overly constricted
Page 263 and 264: Figure 1. Major themes identified d
Page 265 and 266: Given that SMEs were shaped by thei
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Page 269 and 270: Foreman-Peck, J., & Nicholls, T. (2
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Page 273 and 274: Business related innovation phenome
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Page 279 and 280: Marketing innovation Organisational
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Page 305 and 306: Zielioski T. (2013), "Zarażenie fi
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Page 311 and 312: Individualism-collectivism dimensio
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Page 327 and 328: THE PERCEPTIONS OF PARTNERS’ TRUS
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Will to discuss issues Issues can b
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Competent in Russian business Trans
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Appendix 3. Trustworthiness cluster
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SOURCES OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN
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for sources of competitive advantag
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The competitive advantage of compan
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discrepancy of responses was slight
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Budzyoska-Biernat A. (2015). Strate
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the economy of European countries m
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Scientific literature emphasizes th
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The European Parliament and the Cou
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No. Competence Score Group No. Comp
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When generalizing the research resu
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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND SOCIAL TOUR
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organizations and institutions resp
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Municipalities were chosen in a way
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On the other hand the highest mean
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A major contribution of this resear
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Shin, Y. (2010). Residents' Percept
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Hence, Georgia has made a big succe
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driving forces for massive employme
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Figure 3. Credit (ECTs) distributio
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There are provided good organizatio
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Academic representatives to receive
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total exports. Travel & Tourism inv
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trends in the development of touris
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philosopher Arsene Ikaltoeli taught
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Terms of fierce competition in the
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PROMOTING INNOVATION IN THE HOTEL I
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Leadership in Energy and Environmen
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Conclusions This article reviewed i
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ISBN Ba Proceedings of the Internat
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