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Lubart, 1999). According to the holistic approach, creativity covers a variety of factors
affecting the creative process: abilities, skills, personality traits, motivation, creative
experiences, etc. E. Torrance (1986) describes creativity as a process in which a person
reacts to problems, is able to perceive the knowledge gap, to search for solutions to
problems, to guess, raise questions, formulate the hypothesis, assess, control, correct,
generalize results and submit them. Other authors (Sternberg, 1990, 2006) related creativity
to thinking or the abilities such as the ability to discern and define the problems, to foresee
their solution strategies and tolerate their ambiguity. The author admits that creativity
depends on the knowledge, individual characteristics, motivation and a favourable external
environment. L. Jovaiša (2007) defines creativity as the personality structure, which consists
of motives, interests, moral values, experiences, abilities, feelings and needs. L. Jovaiša
(2007) admits that creativity is a set of personality traits that enable to achieve original,
significant and high quality results through productive activities. T. M. Amabile (1988)
(quoted by Tierney et. al., 1999) considers creativity as an innovative cognitive style, which
M. Kirton (1976) (quoted by Tierney et al., 1999) defines as an innate orientation or the
selection of priority measures for problem solving ranging from innovative (seeking to
integrate diverse information, redefine emerging problems and generate the ideas that
differ from standard ones) to adaptive ones (using data of a well-known sphere and taking
existing problems that generate ideas, which coincide with the accepted conventional
opinion). According to V. Prabhu et al. (2008), creativity is influenced by external motivation
(especially when it is kind of a reward) (Eisenberger, Rhoades, 2001) and internal motivation
(quoted by Amabile, 1988). In his research V. Prabhu et al. (2008) found out that creativity
determines creative activities, internal motivation, self-openness, self-efficacy and
perseverance. Some authors admit that creativity is related to cognitive (Johnson, Bouchard,
2014) and emotional (Sanchez-Ruiz et al., 2011) intelligence.
A large number of researchers relate creativity to these personality traits: volatile
imagination, ingenuity, inquisitiveness (Gage, Berliner, 1994), emotionality, self-confidence,
diligence, curiosity and general intellectual activity, criticism, boldness, tendency to
individual work and independence (B. Петрулис 1991; Petrulytė, 2001, 2011), information
receptivity, dominance, initiative (Jacikevičius, 1999), seeking for personal freedom, nonconformism,
prone to experiments and risk, the ability to see things from a different
perspective, which requires to choose more than one answer (Grakauskaitė-Karkockienė,
2006, 2010, 2013; Beresnevičius, 2010). Some researchers admit that a creative personality
is sensitive to problems, original, ingenuous, freaky, has a flexible mind (Torrance, 1986),
open to challenges, is able to provide new and original ideas and can quickly solve problems
(Sternberg, 1990). As noted by M. Csikszentmihalyi (1996), a creator, as a mature
personality, has some childish traits: sincerity, naiveness, emotionality, impulsiveness,
volatile imagination, openness and sensitiveness. Therefore, personality traits are the most
important factors determining creative expression of an individual and his creative
achievements.
Searches for personality traits that determine creative expression encouraged to carry out
the research analysing the interface between the Big Five personality traits and the
estimates of the components of creativity. Most often the assessment covers the following
traits of the Big Five personality traits (Goldberg, 1992, quoted by Žukauskiene, R.
Barkauskiene, 2006): openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism
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