K. This is the 1st working draft of vol. VI. It still ... - From Marx to Mao

REPORT TO THE SECOND NATIONAL CONGRESS
THE AGRARIAN REVOLUTION
The Chinese Soviet and Red Army have grown up from the development
of the agrarian revolution, which liberates the broad peasantry
from the brutal oppression and exploitation by landlords and
the Kuomintang militarists. The principle of the land policy of the
Soviet is to completely wipe out feudal and semi-feudal oppression
and exploitation. In any village of the Kuomintang district, past or
now, there are horrible land rents (60 per cent to 80 per cent), horrible
usury (30 per cent to 100 per cent), and horrible, onerous taxes
(there are above 1,700 different kinds of taxes throughout the country).
Consequently, the land is concentrated in the hands of land-
FROM MARX
TO MAO
lords and kulaks. The overwhelming majority of the peasantry lost
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their land and are obliged to live in extreme misery. The relentless
exploitation has exhausted them of their means to combat catastrophe.
The whole country is therefore, exposed to constant inundation
or drought. The catastrophe stricken area in 1931 amounted to
809 hsien covering a population of 44,000,000. The exploitation
has also exhausted the peasantry of their production power. Much
land has been turned infertile or left uncultivated. Yet with their
meager products, they have to face the dumping of imperialist agricultural
productions. All these lead the Chinese rural economy to
the state of complete NOT bankruptcy, from FOR which emerges the violent
agrarian revolution.
The power of the agrarian revolution in the Soviet districts has
wiped out all feudal COMMERCIAL
remnants. The millions of the peasantry awakening
from their long dark age confiscated land from all the landlords
and fertile land from the kulaks, abolished usury and onerous
taxation, knocked down all that are against the revolution and built
up their own government. DISTRIBUTION
For the first time, the Chinese peasant
masses have broken their way out of the hell and become masters
themselves. This is the fundamental situation that distinguishes the
rural district under the Soviet from those under the Kuomintang.
The First National Soviet Congress proclaimed the Land Act
which has since served as the correct guidance for the proper solution
of the land problems in this country. There have been numerous
arguments over the analysis of classes in the villages owing to
the acute class struggle. Based on the experience of the agrarian
revolution, the People’s Council has passed a resolution on the various
problems of the struggle for land. Undoubtedly, this will pro-
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