K. This is the 1st working draft of vol. VI. It still ... - From Marx to Mao

300 MAO TSE-TUNG
Anding, Jingbian, and the counties of the Longdong and Guanzhong
sub-regions have also increased their population. These immigrants
came mostly from Hengshan, Yulin, Shenmu, and Fugu, and secondly
from the special military area. They all came voluntarily and were
not organized by the government, They were willing to come because
there was land and they were treated well. The various counties
organized the existing householders to give help with grain,
tools, and cave houses, etc. At the same time the rich peasants took
on tenants, which also helped the immigrants. The increase in immigrants
not only enlarged the area cultivated, but also increased
livestock, and stimulated commerce. Therefore the immigrants were
one of the factors in the development of agriculture.
FROM MARX
TO MAO
(4) The policy of incentives. Immigrants do not pay grain tax
⋆
for three years, and their other obligations are reduced. If some of
the peasants’ planting cotton do not make as much profit as those
planting grain, the government pays compensation. If livestock is
purchased from outside the Border Region, there is a reduction in
grain tax by a fixed amount in the first year. In addition, there were
the rewards to labour heroes given at the two agricultural exhibitions,
which also brought about great results. For example, Wu
Manyou and Mao Kehu of Yanan and Due Fafu of Ganquan were
rewarded at the first agricultural exhibition. Now they have become
very good, rich peasants. NOT They all FOR pay more than 5 tan of grain tax
(in the Border Region 1 tan is 300 jin). Moreover, they have encouraged
other peasant householders in the villages to develop production.
All these COMMERCIAL
things have promoted the development of agriculture,
in particular of grain and cotton.
(5) The reduction in the wastage of labour power, and the better
adjustment in the use of labour power. Because we were busy fighting
during the civil-war DISTRIBUTION
period, we did not pay attention to production
and the land was neglected. After peace was established, there
were frequent exercises and guard duties by the self-defence army
[ziweijun] and many kinds of meetings. Therefore, each month each
able-bodied man missed at least three working-days. Later this kind
of wastage was reduced. Furthermore, before 1941 not much grain
tax was collected, there was little tax grain transport duty, and the
amount of work missed was comparatively limited. In recent years
in rural areas, contract-labour teams [zhagong] and exchange-labour
teams [biangong] have developed and made better adjustment in the
use of labour power. We have mobilized loafers to take part in pro-