K. This is the 1st working draft of vol. VI. It still ... - From Marx to Mao

436 MAO TSE-TUNG
pressing, silk weaving and making iron implements. Their aim has
been self-sufficiency. The capital for these factories came either
from commercial capital, or from bank loans, or from the closure of
the wool-spinning factories. Warned by the experience with textiles,
these factories were not run in such an entirely disorganized
way. They were rather more orderly With several organizations and
schools co-operating, or with co-operation with the common folk or
with the Bank. But it was not all plain sailing. Most only laid a
firm foundation after following a winding path from initial loss of
capital through continued support to final profit.
In the years 1941 and 1942 the system, under the Central
Committee’s Finance and Economy Office [Zhong-cai xitong], set
FROM MARX
TO MAO
up a total of twenty-seven large and small handicraft factories with
⋆
total capital of over 400,000 yuan and with 477 employees. Among
them there were eight textile mills with 217,000 yuan capital and
161 employees, three coal and charcoal factories with 70,000 yuan
capital and sixty-eight employees, three mills with 15,000 yuan capital
and twenty-one employees, two bedding and clothing factories
with forty-eight employees (capital details not available), three carpentry
factories with 35,000 yuan capital and seven employees, one
shoe factory with 10,000 yuan capital and thirty-eight employees,
and one papermaking workshop with 20,000 yuan capital and twentynine
employees. In addition, NOT there FOR were six small factories individually
producing machinery, glass, alcohol, pottery, oil-lamps and
blankets. (There are no statistics on capital and employees for these
factories. The first COMMERCIAL
three were experimental undertakings by the
Natural Sciences Institute.) All the above factories were reorganized
in September 1941 when the official organizations and schools
directly under the Central Committee carried out their first drive
for better troops DISTRIBUTION
and simpler administration. They were transferred
to the direct control of Central Administration Bureau. (The Finance
and Economy Office directly under the Central Committee was dissolved
and we set up the Central Administration Bureau attached to
the Central Work Department [Zhongyang Bangongting].) Their
number was reduced from twenty-seven by closure or merger to nineteen.
In particular the merging of the eight textile mills into two,
the Tuanjie and the Shiyan, enabled concentration of management
and improvement in operation. Thus we were able to move from a
situation where eight mills either lost capital or just maintained
themselves to one of a profit of 1,600,0000 yuan in October 1942.