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Safety evaluation of certain food additives - ipcs inchem

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214 STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES (addendum)<br />

Boeckh-Haebisch, E.M.A. (1992) Pharmacological trial <strong>of</strong> a concentrated crude extract <strong>of</strong><br />

Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni in healthy volunteers. Arq. Biol. Tecnol., 35, 299–314.<br />

Boonkaewwan, C., Toskulkao, C. & Vongsakul, M. (2006) Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory<br />

activities <strong>of</strong> stevioside and its metabolite steviol on THP-1 cells. J. Agric. Food<br />

Chem., 54, 785–789.<br />

Brusick, D.J. (2008) A critical review <strong>of</strong> the genetic toxicity <strong>of</strong> steviol and steviol glycosides.<br />

Food Chem. Toxicol., 46(7)(Suppl. 1), S83–S91.<br />

Carakostas, M.C., Curry, L.L., Boileau, A.C. & Brusick, D.J. (2008) Overview: the history,<br />

technical function and safety <strong>of</strong> rebaudioside A, a naturally occurring steviol glycoside, for<br />

use in <strong>food</strong> and beverages. Food Chem. Toxicol., 46(7)(Suppl. 1), S1–S10.<br />

Cavalcante da Silva, G.E., Assef, A.H., Albino, C.C., Ferri, L.A.F., Tasin, G., Takahashi, M.H.,<br />

Filho, W.E. & Bazotte, R.B. (2006) Investigation <strong>of</strong> the tolerability <strong>of</strong> oral stevioside in<br />

Brazilian hyperlipidemic patients. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 49(4), 583–587.<br />

Chan, P., Xu, D.-Y., Liu, J.-C., Chen, Y.-J., Tomlinson, B., Huang, W.-P. & Cheng, J.-T. (1998)<br />

The effect <strong>of</strong> stevioside on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in spontaneously<br />

hypertensive rats. Life Sci., 63, 1679–1684.<br />

Chang, J.-C., Wu, M.C., Liu, I.-M. & Cheng, J.-T. (2005) Increase <strong>of</strong> insulin sensitivity by<br />

stevioside in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Horm. Metab. Res., 37, 610–616.<br />

Chang, S.-F., Yang, L.-M., Hsu, F.-L., Hsu, J.-Y., Liaw, J.-H. & Lin, S.-J. (2006) Transformation<br />

<strong>of</strong> steviol-16a,17-epoxide by Streptomyces griseus and Cunninghamella bainieri. J. Nat.<br />

Prod., 69, 1450–1455.<br />

Chatsudthipong, V. & Jutabha, P. (2001) Effect <strong>of</strong> steviol on para-aminohippurate transport<br />

by isolated perfused rabbit renal proximal tubule. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 298,<br />

1120–1127.<br />

Chatsudthipong, V. & Thongouppakarn, P. (1995) Effect and mechanism <strong>of</strong> stevioside on rat<br />

renal function. FASEB J., 9, A917 (Abstract No. 5322).<br />

Chatsudthipong, V., Lungkaphin, A. & Kaewmokul, S. (2003) The interaction <strong>of</strong> steviol with<br />

rabbit OCT1 and OCT2. FASEB J., 17, A476 (Abstract No. 331.4).<br />

Chen, J., Jeppesen, P.B., Adudula, R., Dyrskog, S.E.U., Colombo, M. & Hermansen, K.<br />

(2006a) Stevioside does not cause increased basal insulin secretion or -cell<br />

desensitisation as does the sulphonylurea, glibenclamide: studies in vitro. Life Sci., 78,<br />

1748–1753.<br />

Chen, J., Jeppesen, P.B., Nordent<strong>of</strong>t, I. & Hermansen, K. (2006b) Stevioside counteracts the<br />

glyburide-induced desensitization <strong>of</strong> the pancreatic beta-cell function in mice: studies in<br />

vitro. Metabolism, 55, 1674–1680.<br />

Chen, J., Jeppesen, P.B., Nordent<strong>of</strong>t, I. & Hermansen, K. (2006c) Stevioside counteracts betacell<br />

lipotoxicity without affecting acetyl CoA carboxylase. Rev. Diabet. Stud., 3, 178–188.<br />

Chen, J., Jeppesen, P.B., Nordent<strong>of</strong>t, I. & Hermansen, K. (2007) Stevioside improves<br />

pancreatic -cell function during glucotoxicity via regulation <strong>of</strong> acetyl-CoA carboxylase.<br />

Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 292, E1906–E1916.<br />

Chen, T.-H., Chen, S.-C., Chan, P., Chu, Y.-L., Yang, H.-Y. & Cheng, J.-T. (2005) Mechanism<br />

<strong>of</strong> the hypoglycaemic effect <strong>of</strong> stevioside, a glycoside <strong>of</strong> Stevia rebaudiana. Planta Med.,<br />

71, 108–113.<br />

Codex Alimentarius Commission (2007) Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CODEX<br />

STAN 192-1995; http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/CXS_192e.pdf).<br />

Costa, C., Costa, S., Rocha, M., Peres, S., Dacomi, A., Piccinato, C., Carpinelli, A. & Lima, F.<br />

(2003a) Rebaudioside A, a glycoside <strong>of</strong> the Stevia rebaudiana, stimulates insulin secretion<br />

in rat isolated pancreatic islets. Diabetes, 52(Suppl. 1), A370 (Abstract No. 1606-P).<br />

Costa, C., Costa, S., Peres, S., De Morales, S.F., Takada, J., Brito, L., Alonso, M.L., Andreotti,<br />

S., Machado, M., Borges, C. & Lima, F. (2003b) Rebaudioside A, a diterpine glycoside<br />

from Stevia rebaudiana, causes insulin resistance in rat periepididymal isolated<br />

adipocytes. Diabetes, 52(Suppl. 1), A532 (Abstract No. 2307-PO).

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