12.07.2013 Views

Safety evaluation of certain food additives - ipcs inchem

Safety evaluation of certain food additives - ipcs inchem

Safety evaluation of certain food additives - ipcs inchem

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

526 FURAN-SUBSTITUTED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS<br />

4. EVALUATION<br />

The Committee concluded that the Procedure for the <strong>Safety</strong> Evaluation <strong>of</strong><br />

Flavouring Agents could not be applied to this group because <strong>of</strong> the unresolved<br />

toxicological concerns. Studies that would assist in the safety <strong>evaluation</strong> include<br />

investigations <strong>of</strong> the influence <strong>of</strong> the nature and position <strong>of</strong> ring substitution on<br />

metabolism and on covalent binding to macromolecules. Depending on the findings,<br />

additional studies might include assays related to the mutagenic and carcinogenic<br />

potential <strong>of</strong> representative members <strong>of</strong> this group.<br />

5. REFERENCES<br />

Aeschbacher, H.U., Wolleb, U., Löliger, J., Spadone, J.C. & Liardon, R. (1989) Contribution<br />

<strong>of</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fee aroma constituents to the mutagenicity <strong>of</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fee. Food Chem. Toxicol., 27(4),<br />

227–232.<br />

Asquith, J.C. (1989) Bacterial reverse mutation assay ST 15C 89. Toxicology Study No.: M/<br />

AMES/18216. Private report by Toxicology Laboratories Ltd, Ledbury, England, for the<br />

Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA. Submitted to WHO<br />

by the International Organization <strong>of</strong> the Flavour Industry, Brussels, Belgium.<br />

Bradley, M.O., Taylor, V.I., Armstrong, M.J. & Galloway, S.M. (1987) Relationships among<br />

cytotoxicity, lysosomal breakdown, chromosome aberrations, and DNA double-strand<br />

breaks. Mutat. Res., 189, 69–79.<br />

Brigelius, R. (1985) Mixed disulfides: biological function and increase in oxidative stress. In:<br />

H. Sies, ed. Oxidative stress. New York, NY, USA, Academic Press, pp. 243–271.<br />

Brusick, D. (1986) Genotoxic effects in cultured mammalian cells produced by low pH<br />

treatment conditions and increased ion concentrations. Environ. Mutagen., 8, 879–886.<br />

Bu, H.-Z. (2006) A literature review <strong>of</strong> enzyme kinetic parameters for CYP3A4-mediated<br />

metabolic reactions <strong>of</strong> 113 drugs in human liver microsomes: structure–kinetics<br />

relationship assessment. Curr. Drug Metab., 7, 231–249.<br />

Buck, N.R. (2000) The hydrolysis <strong>of</strong> cinnamyl and furfuryl esters. Unpublished report by the<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Southampton, Southampton, England, for the Flavor and Extract<br />

Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA. Submitted to WHO by the International<br />

Organization <strong>of</strong> the Flavour Industry, Brussels, Belgium.<br />

Burdock, G.A. & Ford, R.A. (1990a) Acute oral toxicity (LD50) study in the rat with 3-(2furylacrolein).<br />

J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. Part B, 1(2), 97–98.<br />

Burdock, G.A. & Ford, R.A. (1990b) Acute oral toxicity (LD50) study in the rat with difurfuryl<br />

ether. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. Part B, 1(2), 93–94.<br />

Burdock, G.A. & Ford, R.A. (1990c) Acute oral toxicity (LD50) study in the rat with isobutyl 3-<br />

(2-furylpropionate). J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. Part B, 1(1), 1.<br />

Burdock, G.A. & Ford, R.A. (1990d) Acute oral toxicity (LD50) study in the rat with 2-methyl-3-<br />

(2-furyl) acrolein. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. Part B, 1(1), 3.<br />

Burka, L.T., Washburn, K.D. & Irwin, R.D. (1991) Disposition <strong>of</strong> [ 14 C]-furan in the male F344<br />

rat. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 34, 245–257.<br />

Byrns, M.C., Vu, C.C., Neidigh, J.W., Abad, J.-L., Jones, R.A. & Peterson, L.A. (2006)<br />

Detection <strong>of</strong> DNA adducts derived from the reactive metabolite <strong>of</strong> furan, cis-2-butene-1,4dial.<br />

Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19(3), 414–420.<br />

Castellino, N., Elmino, O. & Rozera, G. (1963) Experimental research on toxicity <strong>of</strong> furfural.<br />

Arch. Environ. Health, 7(5), 574–582.<br />

Cotgreave, I.A., Atzori, L. & Moldéus, P. (1989) Thiol-disulphide exchange: physiological and<br />

toxicological aspects. In: L.A. Damani, ed. Sulphur-containing drugs and related organic<br />

compounds. Chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology. Vol. 2. Part B. Analytical, biochemical

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!