Public Sector Governance and Accountability Series: Budgeting and ...

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178 Anwar Shah and Chunli Shen Wang, Xiao-Hu. 1999. “Conditions to Imple ment Outcome-Oriented Performance Budgeting: Some Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting, and Financial Management 11 (4): 533–52. ———. 2000. “Performance Measurement in Budgeting: A Study of County Governments.” Public Budgeting and Finance 23 (3): 22–48. Wildavsky, Aaron. 1979. The Politics of the Budgetary Process. Boston: Little, Brown. ———. 1986. Budgeting: A Comparative Theory of Budgetary Processes. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. Xavier, John Antony. 1996. “Budget Reform—The Malaysian Experience.” Public Administration and Development 16 (5): 485–501.
6 Accrual Accounting in the Public Sector: Lessons for Developing Countries paul boothe O ne of the key developments in public sector governance over the past 15 years has been the strong encouragement by internationalagenciessuchastheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank for countries to move from traditional public sector–based cash accounting to private sector–based accrual accounting. Some international accounting bodies, such as the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), have also supported this direction. Proponents of such a change point to a number of benefits. They believe that accrual accounting, because it recognizes expenses when they are deemed to have occurred rather than when they are paid, provides a more transparent picture of government operations. In addition, accrual accounting provides a clearer treatment of capital assets, explicitly recognizing the depreciation of physical capital over time and variations in the value of financial assets and liabilities, regardless of whether these events result in cash transactions. In 2003, it was estimated that about 5 of 28 OECD member countries had adopted full accrual accounting, with a further 2 179
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PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUN
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Introduction to the Public Sector G
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©2007 The International Bank for R
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vi Contents Conclusions 48 Notes 49
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viii Contents A Simple Way to Under
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x Contents Reform Priorities and Se
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xii Contents 9.4 Transfers between
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xiv Contents 10.2 Pros and Cons of
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xvi Foreword highlights frameworks
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xviii Preface This volume represent
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xx Acknowledgments The editor is gr
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xxii Contributors Work, Activity-Ba
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xxiv Contributors published by the
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xxvi Abbreviations and Acronyms EU
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Overview anwar shah B udgetary inst
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Overview 3 Chapter 2 by Salvatore S
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Overview 5 governments still are on
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Overview 7 Since the 1970s, the cos
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Overview 9 helpful in improving bud
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Overview 11 not need it. But the pr
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Overview 13 For efficient implement
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Overview 15 a difficult environment
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Overview 17 is asked to perform. To
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Overview 19 set up a special aid ma
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Overview 21 allocations, low budget
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Overview 23 specifies who is respon
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1 Budgeting Institutions for Better
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Budgeting Institutions for Better F
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information from the executive and
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54 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Good Gov
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56 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo In such
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58 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo country
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60 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Principl
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62 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo some cas
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64 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo transact
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66 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo pay off
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68 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo BOX 2.1
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72 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo studies
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74 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo TABLE 2.
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76 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Loan Gua
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80 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo when the
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84 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Division
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86 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Article
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88 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Polackov
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90 A. Premchand performance. It is
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92 A. Premchand 1970s. It found tha
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94 A. Premchand TABLE 3.1 Receipts
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96 A. Premchand To arrive at such d
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98 A. Premchand TABLE 3.2 (continue
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100 A. Premchand affecting construc
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102 A. Premchand by most developing
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104 A. Premchand TABLE 3.3 Position
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106 A. Premchand TABLE 3.4 (continu
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108 A. Premchand defense) as some c
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110 Alta Fölscher money by spendin
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112 Alta Fölscher “satisficing.
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114 Alta Fölscher inputs. It is on
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116 Alta Fölscher them in a better
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118 Alta Fölscher political proces
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120 Alta Fölscher BOX 4.1 A Confus
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122 Alta Fölscher Three years late
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124 Alta Fölscher budgeting are lo
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126 Alta Fölscher TABLE 4.2 A New
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Page 211 and 212: Accrual Accounting in the Public Se
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Page 234 and 235: 204 Gary Cokins practices and their
Page 236 and 237: 206 Gary Cokins An Excessive Focus
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Page 242 and 243: 212 Gary Cokins while the other ave
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228 Gary Cokins Without visible, re
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230 Gary Cokins the organization ma
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232 TABLE 7A.1 An Example of “Uni
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8 Budget Preparation and Approval s
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Budget Preparation and Approval 237
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are doubtful and unclear. At budget
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9 Budget Execution daniel tommasi B
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Budget Execution 281 in budget mana
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Budget Execution 283 appropriations
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Budget Execution 285 The distributi
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Budget Execution 287 In Malawi, the
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Distribution of Responsibilities Bu
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Budget Execution 291 The financial
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Budget Execution 293 cases, these s
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Budget Execution 295 provided that
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Budget Execution 297 termed viremen
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Budget Execution 299 BOX 9.4 Transf
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Budget Execution 301 time limited,
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Budget Execution 303 personnel mana
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Budget Execution 305 which ones wer
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Budget Execution 307 projects withi
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The Treasury Function Budget Execut
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Budget Execution 311 Case 1. Paymen
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Budget Execution 313 Although, in p
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Budget Execution 315 payments, and
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Budget Execution 317 Cash planning
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Organizational arrangements Cash pl
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Budget Execution 321 9. Since the 1
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10 Automating Public Financial Mana
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Automating Public Financial Managem
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A Concluding Word Many years ago Go
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11 What Would an Ideal Public Finan
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What Would an Ideal Public Finance
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National and sectoral policy review
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12 Strengthening Public Expenditure
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Strengthening Public Expenditure Ma
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should be conducted largely on the
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436 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo period.
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438 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo going b
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440 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo strateg
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442 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo No com
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444 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo donors.
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446 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo 2. Is t
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448 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo serious
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450 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo assets,
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452 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo and pla
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454 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo corrupt
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456 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo The mai
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458 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Moreove
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460 Salvatore Schiavo-Campo Schiavo
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462 Alta Fölscher development budg
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464 Alta Fölscher the quality of i
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466 Alta Fölscher between policy a
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468 Alta Fölscher Public Policy Re
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470 Alta Fölscher Allocating Scarc
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472 Alta Fölscher a guide to the m
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474 Alta Fölscher The MPERs are ta
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476 Alta Fölscher BOX 14.1 Kenyan
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478 Alta Fölscher BOX 14.2 The IP-
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480 Alta Fölscher the IP-ERS objec
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482 Alta Fölscher MTEF, these ceil
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484 Alta Fölscher macroeconomic ou
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486 Alta Fölscher Across and withi
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488 Alta Fölscher phases and instr
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490 Alta Fölscher decisions, rathe
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492 Alta Fölscher Realizing the co
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494 Alta Fölscher against prioriti
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496 Alta Fölscher selected across
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498 Alta Fölscher be sequenced and
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15 Country Case Study: South Africa
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health, social services, and housin
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Country Case Study: South Africa 50
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A Credible Budget Process Country C
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Index Boxes, figures, notes, and ta
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Index 537 defined, 327, 328f, 354n8
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Index 539 delegation approach to, 3
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Index 541 reporting requirements, 3
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Index 543 Indianapolis, IN case stu
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Index 545 change factors influencin
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Index 547 reasons for adopting, 138
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Index 549 Public Expenditure and Fi
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Index 551 HIPC debt relief, budgeta
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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