Том 2 - Тенденции и предизвикателства в развитието на ...

2.1 Transportation Data of EUIn 2005, 7.5 million people have been employed for transportationservices in 25-member EU. 61% of this rate have participated athighways, railways and national water ways, 2% at airways and 32% atsupport and sub-transportation business.If we examine EU transportation modes between 1995 and 2005,highway usage is 44,5%, secondly seaways with 39,5,and airways with0,3%. While transportation by pipelines has a share of 19,2%transportation by internal water ways has 10,2%. The most significantincrease between 2004-2005 was on sea ways, and highways are thesecond with 2,5%. An increase of thousandth 4 at airway transportation,and thousandth 9 at railway transportation is seen.Its share on goods transportation in EU and investments forhighways are increasing. This shows that the single market is running inEU and integration of new members have been being accomplished;however, railways get behind to meet the increasing demand with narrowpasses, worn out and inadequate infrastructures. For instance, 18.000kms rail is available in Italy, on the other hand highway line is 500.000kms, and this rate is alike across EU. While the length of railways isabout 300.000 kms, total length of highways is 4.9 million kms acrossEurope. (http://www.und.org.tr)2.2. Transportation Projects of EUReport by European Council in Helsinki dated 6 th October1999contains integration strategies of transportation policy with environmentand sustainable development. Mentioned council strategy defines thenecessary precautions in order to decrease environmental effects oftransportation to the lowest degree by European Union and membercountries(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/trans/index/htm)Significant titles subject to 2001 White Book that constitutes thebasis of transportation policies are as the following: Balanceddispersion among transportation modes, 2) Eliminating narrow passes attransportation, 3) Taking users to the centre of transportation policy , 4)Management of global transportation.147