Том 2 - Тенденции и предизвикателства в развитието на ...

European Social Model.” 69Scholars’ publications also outline the importance of defining theEuropean social model (ESM) in contrast to models elsewhere. J. Crahland P. Teague define the European social model as a specific combinationof comprehensive welfare systems and strongly institutionalized andpoliticized forms of industrial relations”, as opposed to the U.S. welfaresystem 70 . D. Vaugham-Whitehead defines the “ESM as a set of EuropeanCommunity and member-state legal regulations, but also as a range ofpractices aimed at promoting a voluntaristic and comprehensive socialpolicy in the EU… The ESM also represents sharing common views andprinciples on different social issues and their importance within the EuropeanUnion construction in contrast with the Anglo-Saxon model.” 71Therefore, by outlining the features of this model, we can distinguishit from any other social models. These features, however shouldapply to ALL member states, as claimed in the model’s identification.Thus, it is not surprising that both scholars’ research and “the officialrecognition” of this model as pan-European concept are quite vague infeaturing its salient characteristics. 72 In addition, A. Diamantopoulouargues that the term European Social Model is not limited to the socialmodel in a narrow sense, but includes the employment policy as a cornerstone,assuming reform of labor markets as a must. 73 Going along6970717273"The European Social Model". European Trade Union Confederation. 21 March2007.Grahl J. and Teague P. Is the European Social Model Fragmenting? New PoliticalEconomy, vol. 2, No 3, 1997, p. 405-406.Vaugham-Whitehead D. The Enlargement versus Social Europe: The UncertainFuture of the European Social Model. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2003, p. 4-5. Atthe moment, we will ignore the unclear basis for distinguishing the above models.Diamantopoulou A. Future Perspectives for the European Social Model. PESseminar on the European Social Model. Bologna, 17 September 2003: “The EuropeanSocial Model may be outlined as follows : a basic set of 'minimum standards' for theworkplace and beyond the workplace, guaranteed by law (EU or national), for allpeople living in Europe and a set of principles, institutions, policy guidelines andpolicy follow-up agreed at EU level, in order to help Member States to reformemployment policies, pension policies, anti-poverty policies and healthcare policies.”Diamantopoulou A., former European Commissioner responsible for Employmentand Social Affairs, 'The European Social Model – myth or reality?' Address at thefringe meeting organised by the European Commission's Representation in the UK96