Feasibility Study and Technical Report - Pretivm

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KNIPPLE GLACIER APPROACH RAMPThe toe of the Knipple Glacier is not only receding, but the top surface of the glacier ismelting vertically. Anecdotal reports suggest that the surface has melted some 90 mvertically since the early 1990s when Newhawk ceased operations.Due to dropping surface, Pretivm established a new access ramp at km 58.6 of the road.This ramp provides access to the ice earlier, eliminating the need to traverse through anarea of high-avalanche activity and rock falls. It is expected that this approach willrequire additional excavation every two years to maintain a safe gradient as the glaciermelts further.WINTER OPERATIONDuring the winter months, the Knipple Glacier Road is covered in many meters of snow.Pretivm has experience using ski resort type snow cats to prepare the running surface forother tracked equipment. The snow cats are equipped with blades on the front todistribute the snow across the road surface and break through snow drifts. Ahydraulically powered tiller on the rear of the snow cat then mixes the new snow withprevious layers, reduces chunks, and beats the air out of the snow. A plastic comb thencompresses the snow into a ribbed or “corduroy” running surface. The end result is asnow surface that is dense enough for other tracked equipment to run on.The road surface is maintained as high above the ice level as possible to maintain asnow running surface well into summer.SUMMER OPERATIONSummer maintenance of the Knipple Glacier Road consists mainly of leveling the snowsurface as it melts in the warmer months. It is vital to keep running water off the roadsurface as much as possible to avoid channeling on the road. Excavators are used tochannel the water into existing crevasses.The melting snow exposes the crevasses and mill holes, which pose a hazard to smallvehicles and personnel on foot. The avalanche and glacier technicians survey the iceconditions daily, marking safe travel areas to avoid the larger ice hazards. Ice bridgesare constructed over the larger crevasses from ice harvested in other areas of the glacier.The road route is checked during the summer months and altered to avoid particularlylarge hazards as needed. A crevasse survey is completed each summer so that a saferoute can be planned for the winter when the hazards are obscured by snow bridging.ALTERNATE BYPASS ROUTEThe length of road on the south side of Brucejack Lake between the Knipple Glacier andthe mine site is called Lakeshore Drive, and often has high avalanche risks. During timewhen it is unsafe to travel on Lakeshore Drive, an alternate snow route over the Valley ofthe Kings is available. This VOK bypass road traverses around to the south of theProperty eventually meeting up at km 71 of Knipple Glacier Road. This road is onlyPretium Resources Inc. 18-10 1291990200-REP-R0012-02.1Feasibility Study and Technical Report on the BrucejackProject, Stewart, BC
available in the winter and also provides access to the upper elevations of the Propertyfor avalanche control measures.GLACIER SAFETYUnlike other glaciers in the area, the Knipple Glacier is generally free from largecrevasses that present a hazard to equipment. It does contain many crevasses and millholes (moulins) that present hazards to all-terrain vehicles or personnel on foot. Seracs,or ice cliffs, are not present along the immediate travel route.Glacier travel guidelines and glacier emergency response plans have been developedand implemented by Pretivm.The road route is demarcated with closely spaced bamboo delineators that provide avisual reference for operators at night and in low-visibility weather. Personnel on footmust not wander from the safe zones.Personnel operating on the glacier receive additional safety training and are issuedadditional personal protective equipment such as rescue harnesses, avalanche beacons,rope rescue equipment, and avalanche rescue equipment.18.4 INTERNAL SITE ROADS AND PAD AREASTetra Tech completed the internal site road and pad area design in accordance with therecommendations outlined in BGC’s 2013 report entitled Geotechnical Analysis andDesign of the Plant Site Foundations. The geometric design of the site roads meets thestandards set out in the Transportation Association of Canada’s (TAC) Geometric DesignGuide for Canadian Roads (TAC 1999).Internal site roads will connect various on-site facility pad areas. Internal site roads willbe 8.0 m wide to accommodate two opposing lanes for unconstrained two-way traffic.They will be crowned gravel roads with ditch drainage, and will include a safety bermwhere required. See Figure 18.2 for internal site road locations.A haul road (Haul Road 01) will be constructed for underground trucks to travel from theunderground mine south portal to the pre-production ore storage area, the waste rocktransfer storage area, or the Brucejack Lake waste rock dump. Waste rock will bedumped at the waste rock transfer storage area during poor weather conditions, due tothe limited traction capabilities of the underground trucks and a haul road grade ofapproximately 7%. Underground trucks will haul waste rock directly to the BrucejackLake waste rock dump when weather conditions permit.The frequency of the standard axle load and subgrade modulus have been considered inthe design of all road and gravel surfacing structures. Subgrade was assumed to beeither rock or good soil. Road travelling surfaces, safety berms, and drainage channelswill be regularly maintained.The proposed development consists of several pad areas for the following:Pretium Resources Inc. 18-11 1291990200-REP-R0012-02.1Feasibility Study and Technical Report on the BrucejackProject, Stewart, BC
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Report to:Pretium Resources Inc.Fea
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TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 SUMMARY ......
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12.2 DATA VERIFICATION BY SNOWDEN .
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16.7 MOBILE EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
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20.1 SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENT
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26.4.2 HYDROGEOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATI
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Table 13.23 Occurrences of Gold in
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1 Simplifie
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Figure 16.11 Extent of Mine Develop
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hertz .............................
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atomic emission spectroscopy ......
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Mineable Shape Optimizer ..........
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VOK Domain 2 ......................
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1.2 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATI
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1.4 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATESSnowd
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Table 1.2West Zone Mineral Resource
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Figure 1.1Simplified Process Flowsh
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1.7 MINING METHODSThe underground m
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Figure 1.2Overall Site LayoutE 4300
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Figure 1.4Knipple Transfer Station
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outflow. This approachdischarge thr
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summary of the overall operating co
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The Project schedule identifies the
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2.1 QUALIFIED PERSONSThe qualified
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Report Section Company QP23.0 Adjac
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4.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATI
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4.3 STATUS OF MINING TITLESThe Prop
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Figure 4.3Pretivm Mineral ClaimsSou
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5.0 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCALRE
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5.2 CLIMATE AND PHYSIOGRAPHYThe cli
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6.0 HISTORYInformation in this sect
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Figure 6.1West Zone Underground Vei
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6.1 WORK COMPLETED BY SILVER STANDA
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7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING ANDMINERALIZ
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Figure 7.1Tectonic Setting of the B
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7.2 LOCAL GEOLOGY - SULPHURETS MINI
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Altered Stuhini Group rocks and Mit
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Figure 7.4Sulphurets Mining Camp Ge
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y the Brucejack Fault as well as by
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Previously, some of the rocks strad
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Figure 7.6Brucejack Property Geolog
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Figure 7.6 (con’t)Brucejack Prope
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more distal (i.e. down temperature)
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more heavily altered than those abo
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Figure 7.8Brucejack Property Minera
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Figure 7.10South-north Cross-sectio
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WEST ZONEThe West Zone gold-silver
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Figure 7.12VOK to West Zone Geologi
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Figure 7.14West Zone Drillholes and
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steep, is generally associated with
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Figure 7.15Trace Element Analysis b
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for which an age of c.110 Ma has be
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Figure 8.1Brucejack Deposit Mineral
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Figure 9.13D Geophysical Model Sche
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10.0 DRILLINGInformation in this se
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Figure 10.1Core in Wooden Core Boxe
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Figure 10.3Brucejack Property Diamo
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The cut PQ samples weighed approxim
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submitted to ALS. In addition, a re
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Primary sample gold concentrations
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12.0 DATA VERIFICATIONIndependent s
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12.2 DATA VERIFICATION BY SNOWDENSn
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Figure 12.4Sample Verification Resu
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Year Program ID Laboratory ** Gravi
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13.3.2 2012 TO 2013 TEST SAMPLESIns
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Table 13.7 Conceptual Master Compos
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ALSInspectorateFire Assay (g/t) Met
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13.3.6 ORE HARDNESS TEST WORKTable
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Table 13.14 Sample Specific Gravity
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In general, there was a reduction i
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Figure 13.5 Effect of Primary Grind
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In 2012 and 2013, most of the flota
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Further cleaner tests were conducte
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Figure 13.14 Effect of Cleaner Flot
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SampleIDWZ-2CompositeCompositeBJ-AC
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The 2012 and 2013 tests routinely i
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Figure 13.17Cumulative Stage GRG ve
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Figure 13.21 Silver Cyanide Extract
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Table 13.24 Head Sample Cyanidation
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Based on the findings of the prelim
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Primary Grind/Regrind SizesConcentr
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Further cyanide leach tests were ca
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including samples with low head gra
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Grade (g/t) Recovery/Extraction (%)
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Figure 13.28 Variability Test Resul
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Table 13.31Locked Cycle Tests Resul
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Table 13.33Conventional Thickening
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13.3.11 CONCLUSIONSA review of prel
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Table 13.37Head Grade(g/t)Metallurg
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• geological interpretation and m
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to form a series of seemingly strat
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14.6 COMPOSITING OF ASSAY INTERVALS
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In the high-grade domains (includin
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Table 14.3Parameters to Describe Go
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14.8.3 HIGH-GRADE DOMAINS - PROBABI
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analysis. Any target blocks that re
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For VOK and West Zone the interpola
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Table 14.9Comparison of the Mean Co
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the economic viability of the depos
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14.15 RESOURCE REPORTINGThe mineral
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15.0 MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES15.1
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Table 15.1Net Smelter Return Parame
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15.4 MINING SHAPESAMC used the Mine
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Strike length varies considerably w
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15.7 MINERAL RESERVESMineral reserv
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Figure 15.4Reserve Shapes and Minin
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16.2 MINE DESIGN16.2.1 ACCESS AND R
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Figure 16.2Brucejack Twin Declines
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Figure 16.4Typical Level Plan - 1,2
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Table 16.1Development Design Parame
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Figure 16.7Mineable Stope Shapes -
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Once the stope footprint is slashed
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16.3.3 STOPE SEQUENCEThe mining seq
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Stopes that will not be re-exposed
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Table 16.5LOM Backfilling - Waste R
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Figure 16.11Extent of Mine Developm
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• development of the 1,210 and 1,
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Figure 16.13Life of Mine Production
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Table 16.7LOM Tonnes and GradesYear
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Table 16.8Rock Mass PropertiesUnitU
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AMC estimated ore recovery in the w
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FULL-WIDTH UNDERCUTSThe Project min
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Table 16.10Mine Infrastructure Exca
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with lesser components supplied by
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un was completed representing glaci
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Table 16.12Underground Development
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TRANSMIXERSShotcrete will be delive
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The VOK Zone and West Zone mining a
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Figure 16.17 shows a ventilation co
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• regular inspection of the conve
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On low-head applications, a submers
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Figure 16.18Dewatering PlanPretium
Page 269 and 270: Figure 16.20CrusherThe 42 in wide b
Page 271 and 272: 16.9.3 POWER REQUIREMENTS AND ELECT
Page 273 and 274: Electrical power will be supplied t
Page 275 and 276: To supply service water to the high
Page 277 and 278: 16.9.7 WORKSHOP AND STORESThe maint
Page 279 and 280: Radio communications will be establ
Page 281 and 282: 16.9.11 PORTAL STRUCTUREA portal st
Page 283 and 284: propane consumption. Table 16.18 sh
Page 285 and 286: 16.10 PASTE FILL DISTRIBUTIONP&C co
Page 287 and 288: Figure 16.33Paste Fill Distribution
Page 289 and 290: Figure 16.35Pre-production Paste Fi
Page 291 and 292: RoleHeadCountMaintenance (72)Mainte
Page 293 and 294: 17.0 RECOVERY METHODS17.1 MINERAL P
Page 295 and 296: The process plant will consist of t
Page 297 and 298: 17.1.4 PLANT DESIGNMAJOR DESIGN CRI
Page 299 and 300: • a belt conveyor, 914 mm wide by
Page 301 and 302: CONCENTRATE REGRINDINGThe flotation
Page 303 and 304: The dried tabling concentrate will
Page 305 and 306: solution strength. The solution wil
Page 307 and 308: PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
Page 309 and 310: • vendors’ instrumentation pack
Page 311 and 312: 18.0 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE18.1 OVE
Page 313 and 314: Figure 18.1Brucejack Overall Site L
Page 315 and 316: 18.2 GEOTECHNICAL18.2.1 OVERVIEWThe
Page 317 and 318: 18.3 ACCESS18.3.1 ACCESS ROADSThe B
Page 319: Figure 18.3Knipple Glacier Access R
Page 323 and 324: 18.5 GRADING AND DRAINAGEThe site w
Page 325 and 326: AVALANCHE FREQUENCYAvalanche freque
Page 327 and 328: • portal fuel storage• conveyor
Page 329 and 330: Operations CampSize 2 avalanches fr
Page 331 and 332: Figure 18.5Access Road Avalanche Ha
Page 333 and 334: and dated June 2013. As requested b
Page 335 and 336: Figure 18.7Photo of Typical Slopes
Page 337 and 338: • the design of special towers to
Page 339 and 340: modular construction where possible
Page 341 and 342: collect waste water during maintena
Page 343 and 344: water treatment plant to increase t
Page 345 and 346: Air/vacuum valves will be installed
Page 347 and 348: Figure 18.10Foot Print of 3% Deposi
Page 349 and 350: A pre-manufactured trailer will be
Page 351 and 352: • fuel storage• vendors’ inst
Page 353 and 354: 18.17 OFF-SITE INFRASTRUCTURE18.17.
Page 355 and 356: 18.17.3 BOWSER AIRSTRIPRegular char
Page 357 and 358: INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURESAn IA
Page 359 and 360: AERODROME PERSONNEL AND MAINTENANCE
Page 361 and 362: TRANSPORT MODE OPTIONSTruckThere ar
Page 363 and 364: SBT has the ability to mobilize cra
Page 365 and 366: Pretivm is committed to a process t
Page 367 and 368: engage with the Nisga’a Lisims Go
Page 369 and 370: Average monthly temperature data us
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The fisheries resources and fish ha
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was conducted on the NPR values of
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all modelling exercises, the accura
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16 corridor is recovering from the
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• reporting and feedback mechanis
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Approximately 47% of the tailings w
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20.1.8 WASTE MANAGEMENTMine WastesP
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from the site. Fixed equipment, suc
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• Forest Act (BC)• Forest and R
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Table 20.5List of Federal Approvals
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21.1.2 ESTIMATE BASE DATE AND VALID
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…costs not directly attributable
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• small tools• consumables• c
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The total cost for Major Area 33 -
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The unit cost estimates are based o
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MINE OPERATING COSTSThe total under
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Table 21.7Summary of Process Operat
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Table 21.8Summary of Backfilling Op
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DescriptionLabourForceTotal Cost($/
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22.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS22.1 INTRODUC
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Figure 22.1Pre-tax Cash FlowCumulat
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transport the concentrate to a buil
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Figure 22.4Pre-tax Payback Period S
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Canadian development expense and 60
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23.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIESSnowden not
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23.2 HIGH PROPERTYThe Teuton Resour
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managers, and the mining manager, a
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MANAGEMENT PROCEDURESThe EPCM contr
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Figure 24.2Level 1 Execution Schedu
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Capital equipment purchases will be
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Construction work will be split int
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provided with dedicated emergency p
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econciliation to the freight consol
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PROJECT TEAM RESPONSIBILITIESIt is
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WBS Area PretivmEPCMTeamUnderground
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24.1.15 RISK MANAGEMENTA Risk Asses
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There may be opportunities to optim
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The conceptual layout is preliminar
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25.4.8 TAILINGS DELIVERY SYSTEMThe
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26.0 RECOMENDATIONS26.1 GEOLOGYThe
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• Further test work to identify t
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The estimated cost for the above-me
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• Careful planning as well as det
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26.5.6 BRUCEJACK OUTLET CONTROL STR
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• Further groundwater quality and
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27.0 REFERENCES27.1 AVALANCHE HAZAR
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Price, W. (2005). Mend Report 9.1c:
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Britton, J. M. and Alldrick, D. J.,
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Olssen. L., Jones, I.. 2012b. Preti
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28.0 CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFIED PERS
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28.2 IVOR W.O. JONES, M.SC., CP, FA
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28.3 JOHN HUANG, PH.D., P.ENG.I, Ji
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28.5 HAMISH WEATHERLY, M.SC., P.GEO
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28.7 SABRY ABDEL HAFEZ, PH.D., P.EN
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28.9 CATHERINE SCHMID, M.SC., P.ENG
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28.11 BRENT MCAFEE, P.ENG.I, Brent
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28.13 MICHAEL CHIN, P.ENG.I, Michae
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28.15 MICHAEL PAUL WISE, P.ENG., MB
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28.17 CLAYTON RICHARDS, P.ENG.I, Cl
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28.19 ALI FARAH, P.ENG.I, Ali Farah
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28.21 S. (KUMAR) SRISKANDAKUMAR, M.
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