Feasibility Study and Technical Report - Pretivm

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create snowdrifts up to 15 m deep. Permanent icefields are present in the upperreaches of the Brucejack Lake watershed.A full meteorological station was established near the Brucejack Lake camp in mid-October 2009 to collect site-specific weather data. The station measures wind speedand direction, air temperature and pressure, rainfall, snowfall, relative humidity, solarradiation, net radiation, and snow depth.Table 20.1 presents the estimated average monthly climate data for the Project site (BGC2013). Precipitation data reported at the Unuk River Eskay Creek (#1078L3D)Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) climate station were used to characterize theProject site. Data from this station are available for the period of September 1989 toSeptember 2010. The MSC station is located at an elevation of 887 m, approximately30 km north of Brucejack Lake. Precipitation at the Project site is currently estimated tobe similar to that observed at the Unuk River Eskay Creek station given their closeproximity (30 km), similar basin physiography, and correlation of coincident monthlyrainfall data. Using the MSC station as a proxy, the estimated average annualprecipitation at Brucejack Lake is 2,034 mm.This annual value compares favourably with the Climate BC dataset and EnvironmentCanada (2012). Mean annual precipitation generated by the Climate BC climate datamodel, using the 1981 to 2009 climate normals (Wang 2012), exceeds 2,000 mm at anelevation of 1,400 masl, while Environment Canada (2012) estimated an average annualprecipitation of 2,100 mm at an elevation of 1,400 masl. Climate design estimates byEnvironment Canada were developed by interpolating from calculated values atsurrounding locations.Table 20.1Average Monthly Climate Data for the Project SiteMonthAverageTemperature(°C)AveragePrecipitation(mm)AverageEvaporation/Sublimation(mm)January -10.1 249 2February -8.0 214 2March -6.1 181 2April -1.5 97 4May 1.7 88 10June 4.4 67 28July 6.9 83 61August 7.5 139 51September 4.6 207 31October -1.3 247 5November -6.2 215 2December -8.2 247 2Average/Total -1.2 2,034 200Source: BGC (2013).Pretium Resources Inc. 20-5 1291990200-REP-R0012-02Feasibility Study and Technical Report on the BrucejackProject, Stewart, BC
Average monthly temperature data used at the Project site are based on scaling the UnukRiver Eskay Creek data to an elevation of 1,400 m assuming an adiabatic lapse rate of-0.4°C per 100 m. These estimated temperature values compare reasonably well withsite data collected since 2009.Annual evaporation at the site was estimated using local climate data from the on-siteclimate station for the period 2010 to 2012, and Reference Evapotranspiration (REF-ET)calculation software (Version 3.1.14). Climate inputs required for the model include airtemperature, wind speed, incoming solar radiation (or sunshine hours), relative humidity,dew point temperature, and atmospheric pressure. Monthly evaporation and sublimationtotals are summarized in Table 20.1.TERRAIN AND SOILSThe Project is located in a rugged area with elevations ranging from approximately 500 mat the lower elevations, along the access road and transmission line corridor, to 1,400 mat the mine site. Surrounding peaks are up to 2,200 m in elevation. Glaciers andicefields surround the mineral deposits to the north, south, and east.Recent and rapid deglaciation has resulted in over-steepened and unstable slopes inmany areas. Recently deglaciated areas typically have limited soil development,consisting of glacial till and colluvium. Lower elevation areas with mature vegetation mayhave a well-developed organic soil layer. Avalanche chutes are common throughout thearea, and management of avalanches will be a concern for the development andoperation of the Project. Avalanche hazards are being actively managed by on-siteprofessional avalanche forecasters; operational avalanche planning is described inSection 18.6. Similarly, the potential for debris flows in some areas should beconsidered in the Project design.ECOSYSTEMS AND VEGETATIONThe proposed mine site is situated above the treeline and contains alpine ecosystems, aswell as an abundance of unvegetated and sparsely vegetated terrain. Alpine ecosystems,including tundra, heather, and fellfield classes, are common around the mine site. Theaccess road travels through old valley bottom forests, subalpine stands of subalpine firand Engelmann spruce, and along dry glaciofluvial terraces supporting early seral pioneerecosystems. The proposed transmission line from Long Lake substation is situated inboth mature forest and recently deglaciated terrain, dominated by scoured rock, erodingmoraine, and glaciofluvial deposits.WETLANDSWetland ecosystems are distributed throughout the local study area, though they arelimited in extent in the Project area. Wetlands are valued ecosystem components.Wetlands are conserved and managed through federal initiatives, such as the FederalPolicy on Wetland Conservation. Baseline studies were conducted in 2012 to map andclassify wetlands, and to identify the primary wetland functions. These baseline data willPretium Resources Inc. 20-6 1291990200-REP-R0012-02Feasibility Study and Technical Report on the BrucejackProject, Stewart, BC
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Report to:Pretium Resources Inc.Fea
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TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 SUMMARY ......
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12.2 DATA VERIFICATION BY SNOWDEN .
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16.7 MOBILE EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
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20.1 SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENT
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26.4.2 HYDROGEOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATI
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Table 13.23 Occurrences of Gold in
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1 Simplifie
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Figure 16.11 Extent of Mine Develop
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hertz .............................
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atomic emission spectroscopy ......
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Mineable Shape Optimizer ..........
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VOK Domain 2 ......................
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1.2 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATI
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1.4 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATESSnowd
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Table 1.2West Zone Mineral Resource
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Figure 1.1Simplified Process Flowsh
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1.7 MINING METHODSThe underground m
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Figure 1.2Overall Site LayoutE 4300
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Figure 1.4Knipple Transfer Station
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outflow. This approachdischarge thr
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summary of the overall operating co
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The Project schedule identifies the
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2.1 QUALIFIED PERSONSThe qualified
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Report Section Company QP23.0 Adjac
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4.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATI
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4.3 STATUS OF MINING TITLESThe Prop
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Figure 4.3Pretivm Mineral ClaimsSou
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5.0 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCALRE
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5.2 CLIMATE AND PHYSIOGRAPHYThe cli
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6.0 HISTORYInformation in this sect
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Figure 6.1West Zone Underground Vei
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6.1 WORK COMPLETED BY SILVER STANDA
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7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING ANDMINERALIZ
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Figure 7.1Tectonic Setting of the B
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7.2 LOCAL GEOLOGY - SULPHURETS MINI
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Altered Stuhini Group rocks and Mit
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Figure 7.4Sulphurets Mining Camp Ge
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y the Brucejack Fault as well as by
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Previously, some of the rocks strad
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Figure 7.6Brucejack Property Geolog
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Figure 7.6 (con’t)Brucejack Prope
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more distal (i.e. down temperature)
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more heavily altered than those abo
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Figure 7.8Brucejack Property Minera
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Figure 7.10South-north Cross-sectio
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WEST ZONEThe West Zone gold-silver
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Figure 7.12VOK to West Zone Geologi
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Figure 7.14West Zone Drillholes and
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steep, is generally associated with
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Figure 7.15Trace Element Analysis b
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for which an age of c.110 Ma has be
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Figure 8.1Brucejack Deposit Mineral
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Figure 9.13D Geophysical Model Sche
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10.0 DRILLINGInformation in this se
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Figure 10.1Core in Wooden Core Boxe
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Figure 10.3Brucejack Property Diamo
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The cut PQ samples weighed approxim
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submitted to ALS. In addition, a re
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Primary sample gold concentrations
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12.0 DATA VERIFICATIONIndependent s
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12.2 DATA VERIFICATION BY SNOWDENSn
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Figure 12.4Sample Verification Resu
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Year Program ID Laboratory ** Gravi
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13.3.2 2012 TO 2013 TEST SAMPLESIns
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Table 13.7 Conceptual Master Compos
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ALSInspectorateFire Assay (g/t) Met
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13.3.6 ORE HARDNESS TEST WORKTable
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Table 13.14 Sample Specific Gravity
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In general, there was a reduction i
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Figure 13.5 Effect of Primary Grind
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In 2012 and 2013, most of the flota
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Further cleaner tests were conducte
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Figure 13.14 Effect of Cleaner Flot
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SampleIDWZ-2CompositeCompositeBJ-AC
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The 2012 and 2013 tests routinely i
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Figure 13.17Cumulative Stage GRG ve
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Figure 13.21 Silver Cyanide Extract
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Table 13.24 Head Sample Cyanidation
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Based on the findings of the prelim
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Primary Grind/Regrind SizesConcentr
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Further cyanide leach tests were ca
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including samples with low head gra
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Grade (g/t) Recovery/Extraction (%)
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Figure 13.28 Variability Test Resul
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Table 13.31Locked Cycle Tests Resul
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Table 13.33Conventional Thickening
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13.3.11 CONCLUSIONSA review of prel
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Table 13.37Head Grade(g/t)Metallurg
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• geological interpretation and m
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to form a series of seemingly strat
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14.6 COMPOSITING OF ASSAY INTERVALS
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In the high-grade domains (includin
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Table 14.3Parameters to Describe Go
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14.8.3 HIGH-GRADE DOMAINS - PROBABI
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analysis. Any target blocks that re
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For VOK and West Zone the interpola
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Table 14.9Comparison of the Mean Co
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the economic viability of the depos
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14.15 RESOURCE REPORTINGThe mineral
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15.0 MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES15.1
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Table 15.1Net Smelter Return Parame
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15.4 MINING SHAPESAMC used the Mine
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Strike length varies considerably w
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15.7 MINERAL RESERVESMineral reserv
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Figure 15.4Reserve Shapes and Minin
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16.2 MINE DESIGN16.2.1 ACCESS AND R
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Figure 16.2Brucejack Twin Declines
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Figure 16.4Typical Level Plan - 1,2
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Table 16.1Development Design Parame
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Figure 16.7Mineable Stope Shapes -
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Once the stope footprint is slashed
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16.3.3 STOPE SEQUENCEThe mining seq
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Stopes that will not be re-exposed
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Table 16.5LOM Backfilling - Waste R
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Figure 16.11Extent of Mine Developm
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• development of the 1,210 and 1,
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Figure 16.13Life of Mine Production
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Table 16.7LOM Tonnes and GradesYear
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Table 16.8Rock Mass PropertiesUnitU
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AMC estimated ore recovery in the w
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FULL-WIDTH UNDERCUTSThe Project min
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Table 16.10Mine Infrastructure Exca
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with lesser components supplied by
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un was completed representing glaci
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Table 16.12Underground Development
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TRANSMIXERSShotcrete will be delive
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The VOK Zone and West Zone mining a
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Figure 16.17 shows a ventilation co
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• regular inspection of the conve
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On low-head applications, a submers
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Figure 16.18Dewatering PlanPretium
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Figure 16.20CrusherThe 42 in wide b
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16.9.3 POWER REQUIREMENTS AND ELECT
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Electrical power will be supplied t
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To supply service water to the high
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16.9.7 WORKSHOP AND STORESThe maint
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Radio communications will be establ
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16.9.11 PORTAL STRUCTUREA portal st
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propane consumption. Table 16.18 sh
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16.10 PASTE FILL DISTRIBUTIONP&C co
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Figure 16.33Paste Fill Distribution
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Figure 16.35Pre-production Paste Fi
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RoleHeadCountMaintenance (72)Mainte
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17.0 RECOVERY METHODS17.1 MINERAL P
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The process plant will consist of t
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17.1.4 PLANT DESIGNMAJOR DESIGN CRI
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• a belt conveyor, 914 mm wide by
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CONCENTRATE REGRINDINGThe flotation
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The dried tabling concentrate will
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solution strength. The solution wil
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PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
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• vendors’ instrumentation pack
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18.0 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE18.1 OVE
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Figure 18.1Brucejack Overall Site L
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18.2 GEOTECHNICAL18.2.1 OVERVIEWThe
Page 317 and 318: 18.3 ACCESS18.3.1 ACCESS ROADSThe B
Page 319 and 320: Figure 18.3Knipple Glacier Access R
Page 321 and 322: available in the winter and also pr
Page 323 and 324: 18.5 GRADING AND DRAINAGEThe site w
Page 325 and 326: AVALANCHE FREQUENCYAvalanche freque
Page 327 and 328: • portal fuel storage• conveyor
Page 329 and 330: Operations CampSize 2 avalanches fr
Page 331 and 332: Figure 18.5Access Road Avalanche Ha
Page 333 and 334: and dated June 2013. As requested b
Page 335 and 336: Figure 18.7Photo of Typical Slopes
Page 337 and 338: • the design of special towers to
Page 339 and 340: modular construction where possible
Page 341 and 342: collect waste water during maintena
Page 343 and 344: water treatment plant to increase t
Page 345 and 346: Air/vacuum valves will be installed
Page 347 and 348: Figure 18.10Foot Print of 3% Deposi
Page 349 and 350: A pre-manufactured trailer will be
Page 351 and 352: • fuel storage• vendors’ inst
Page 353 and 354: 18.17 OFF-SITE INFRASTRUCTURE18.17.
Page 355 and 356: 18.17.3 BOWSER AIRSTRIPRegular char
Page 357 and 358: INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURESAn IA
Page 359 and 360: AERODROME PERSONNEL AND MAINTENANCE
Page 361 and 362: TRANSPORT MODE OPTIONSTruckThere ar
Page 363 and 364: SBT has the ability to mobilize cra
Page 365 and 366: Pretivm is committed to a process t
Page 367: engage with the Nisga’a Lisims Go
Page 371 and 372: The fisheries resources and fish ha
Page 373 and 374: was conducted on the NPR values of
Page 375 and 376: all modelling exercises, the accura
Page 377 and 378: 16 corridor is recovering from the
Page 379 and 380: • reporting and feedback mechanis
Page 381 and 382: Approximately 47% of the tailings w
Page 383 and 384: 20.1.8 WASTE MANAGEMENTMine WastesP
Page 385 and 386: from the site. Fixed equipment, suc
Page 387 and 388: • Forest Act (BC)• Forest and R
Page 389 and 390: Table 20.5List of Federal Approvals
Page 391 and 392: 21.1.2 ESTIMATE BASE DATE AND VALID
Page 393 and 394: …costs not directly attributable
Page 395 and 396: • small tools• consumables• c
Page 397 and 398: The total cost for Major Area 33 -
Page 399 and 400: The unit cost estimates are based o
Page 401 and 402: MINE OPERATING COSTSThe total under
Page 403 and 404: Table 21.7Summary of Process Operat
Page 405 and 406: Table 21.8Summary of Backfilling Op
Page 407 and 408: DescriptionLabourForceTotal Cost($/
Page 409 and 410: 22.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS22.1 INTRODUC
Page 411 and 412: Figure 22.1Pre-tax Cash FlowCumulat
Page 413 and 414: transport the concentrate to a buil
Page 415 and 416: Figure 22.4Pre-tax Payback Period S
Page 417 and 418: Canadian development expense and 60
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23.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIESSnowden not
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23.2 HIGH PROPERTYThe Teuton Resour
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managers, and the mining manager, a
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MANAGEMENT PROCEDURESThe EPCM contr
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Figure 24.2Level 1 Execution Schedu
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Capital equipment purchases will be
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Construction work will be split int
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provided with dedicated emergency p
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econciliation to the freight consol
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PROJECT TEAM RESPONSIBILITIESIt is
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WBS Area PretivmEPCMTeamUnderground
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24.1.15 RISK MANAGEMENTA Risk Asses
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There may be opportunities to optim
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The conceptual layout is preliminar
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25.4.8 TAILINGS DELIVERY SYSTEMThe
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26.0 RECOMENDATIONS26.1 GEOLOGYThe
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• Further test work to identify t
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The estimated cost for the above-me
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• Careful planning as well as det
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26.5.6 BRUCEJACK OUTLET CONTROL STR
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• Further groundwater quality and
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27.0 REFERENCES27.1 AVALANCHE HAZAR
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Price, W. (2005). Mend Report 9.1c:
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Britton, J. M. and Alldrick, D. J.,
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Olssen. L., Jones, I.. 2012b. Preti
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28.0 CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFIED PERS
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28.2 IVOR W.O. JONES, M.SC., CP, FA
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28.3 JOHN HUANG, PH.D., P.ENG.I, Ji
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28.5 HAMISH WEATHERLY, M.SC., P.GEO
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28.7 SABRY ABDEL HAFEZ, PH.D., P.EN
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28.9 CATHERINE SCHMID, M.SC., P.ENG
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28.11 BRENT MCAFEE, P.ENG.I, Brent
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28.13 MICHAEL CHIN, P.ENG.I, Michae
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28.15 MICHAEL PAUL WISE, P.ENG., MB
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28.17 CLAYTON RICHARDS, P.ENG.I, Cl
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28.19 ALI FARAH, P.ENG.I, Ali Farah
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28.21 S. (KUMAR) SRISKANDAKUMAR, M.
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