BSA Flow Software Installation and User's Guide - CSI

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This number of fringes apply for a seeding particle moving straight through the center of the measuring volume along the x-axis. If the particle passes through the outskirts of the measuring volume, it will pass fewer fringes, and consequently there will be fewer periods in the recorded signal from which to estimate the Doppler frequency. To get good results from your LDA-equipment, you should ensure a sufficiently high number of fringes in the measuring volume. Typical LDA set-ups produce between 10 and 100 fringes, but in some cases you may get reasonable results with less. The key issue here is the number of periods produced in the oscillating intensity of reflected light. Older LDA-processors often require a minimum of 8 periods to validate the burst, while modern processors such as the Dantec BSA can estimate particle velocity from as little as one period. The accuracy will however improve with more periods. Frequency shift as described in section 7.1.6 will cause the fringe pattern to “roll” through the measuring volume, increasing or decreasing the number of fringes passed by a seeding particle. If the fringes move towards the movement of the seeding particle, the effective number of fringe-passings will increase, and if the fringes move away from the particle, it will decrease, corresponding to an increase or decrease in the number of periods in the recorded signal. 7.1.5 Backscatter versus forward scatter LDA With the particle sizes used, the majority of light is scattered in a direction away from the transmitting laser, and in the early days of LDA, forward scattering was thus commonly used, meaning that the receiving optics was positioned opposite of the transmitting aperture. A much smaller amount of light is scattered back towards the transmitter, but advances in technology has made it possible to make reliable measurements even on these faint signals, and today backward scatter is the usual choice in LDA. This so-called backscatter LDA allow for the integration of transmitting and receiving optics in a common housing, saving the user a lot of tedious and time-consuming work aligning separate units. Forward scattering LDA is not completely obsolete however, since in some cases its improved signal-to-noise ratio make it the only way to obtain measurements at all. Experiments requiring forward scatter might include: • High speed flows, requiring very small seeding particles, which stay in the measuring volume for a very short time, and thus receive and scatter a very limited number of photons. • Transient phenomena, such as acoustic shock-waves, which require high data-rates in order to collect a reasonable amount of data over a very short period of time. • Very low turbulence intensities, where the turbulent fluctuations might drown in noise, if measured with backscatter LDA. Off-axis scattering Forward and back-scattering is identified by the position of the receiving aperture relative to the transmitting optics. Another option is off-axis scattering, where the receiver is looking at the measuring volume at an angle. Like forward scattering this approach require a separate receiver, and thus involve careful alignment of the different units, but it helps to mitigate an intrinsic problem present in both forward an backscatter LDA: 7-8 BSA Flow Software: Reference guide
Laser fI Beam splitter As indicated in Figure 7-5 the measuring volume is an ellipsoid, and usually the major axis dz is much bigger than the two minor axes dx and dy, rendering the measuring volume more or less “cigar-shaped”. This makes forward and backscattering LDA sensitive to velocity gradients within the measuring volume, and in many cases also disturb measurements near surfaces due to reflection of the laser beams. Focus of receiver Figure 7-6 Off-axis scattering. Measuring volume Figure 7-6 illustrate how off-axis scattering reduce the effective size of the measuring volume. Seeding particles passing either end of the measuring volume will be ignored since they are out of focus, and as such contribute to background noise rather than to the actual signal. This reduces the sensitivity to velocity gradients within the measuring volume, and the off-axis position of the receiver automatically reduce problems with reflection. These properties make off-axis scattering LDA very efficient for example in boundary layer measurements. fS Bragg Front lens Receiver Back scatter Figure 7-7 Principles of backscatter LDA. Figure 7-7 shows a schematic of how a backscatter LDA equipment is built. The beam from the laser is split into two identical beams. It is important, that the beamsplitter is adjusted to give approximately the same intensity in the two laser beams produced. BSA Flow Software:Reference guide 7-9 f e2 e1 x U θ z
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BSA Flow Software Version 4.10 Inst
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1. General 1.1 Table of Contents 1.
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5.5 Optical Calibrated LDA System p
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7.2.1 Basic principles of phase Dop
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1.2 Dantec Dynamics Licence Agreeme
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1.3 Laser safety All equipment usin
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2. Introduction Congratulations wit
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2.1.9 Analog Monitor Option 2.1.10
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2.3.4 Trouble shooting 2.3.5 On-lin
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3. Installation 3.1 General 3.1.1 P
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Directory structure CPU usage will
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3.2.2 Installation as administrator
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You have the possibility to define
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Click Next and select the add-ons y
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Peer-to-peer connection Processor s
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Click on the Download tab to get th
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The BSA processor will restart. Thi
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• If the Game controller needs to
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Figure 3-2 National Instruments Mea
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3.7 Third party traverse system To
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4. The user interface 4.1 Layout Me
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4. If the mouse pointer was in the
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4.3 Project explorer shortcuts to t
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Figure 4-5 Dialog for adding object
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Using Templates To make a Template,
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4.6 The tool bar Figure 4-6 the pro
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Save As... Figure 4-10 the File men
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Figure 4-11 Save As compressed proj
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Figure 4-14 the Properties - Summar
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Figure 4-18 The Select Position dia
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Options With the Options you get a
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When Enable error logging is checke
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The fourth format, Significant Digi
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The PDA Optical Configuration objec
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4.7.7 Help menu Figure 4-34 The Hel
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4.9 Message window • by clicking
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PM and Bragg cell connections Warni
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LDA and PDA transmitting optics The
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Click on OK. Note For fully opaque
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In the third step, the software con
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Lightweight Traverse with handbox C
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57G15 Traverse interface Third part
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• right-click the Traverse Server
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4. This brings up the following dia
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To change a setting, click in the V
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Figure 4-39 System monitor in auto-
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14. You have now completed data acq
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4. Check the Show System Monitor wh
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. 8. LDA 1 properties are specific
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11. To monitor the Doppler signals,
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The axes will automatically rescale
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Click Acquire. If a complete new re
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Define the positions that you want
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Select the type of the files to ope
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5. Project explorer objects 5.1 Sta
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Browse to the file you wish to impo
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For each column, the data type must
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5.3.1 Output properties Figure 5-4
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Figure 5-7 The Custom… dialog und
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Figure 5-8 BSA F/P 30: processor pr
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Max. acquisition time: The maximum
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Normal user interface Advanced user
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Figure 5-11 The Bragg cell connecto
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LDA 1, 2, . properties: Range and g
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5.3.4 System monitor It frequently
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Scope: Burst spectrum display Recor
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Overlaid Graphs: used to show the b
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Uncheck the Use default bindings bo
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The calibration data are stored in
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5.6.1 PDA beam system The Beam syst
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Figure 5-24: Fringe direction setti
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5.6.4 Medium properties Medium name
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Software max. limit in mm.: Self ex
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The default address of the National
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Traverse coordinates of a datum poi
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5.7.8 Traverse Mesh generator If yo
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Regions Figure 5-39 Motion pattern,
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Warning Please observe strict secur
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5.9 Export Figure 5-40 Data-sources
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If multiple positions are exported
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5.9.3 Selected columns 5.9.4 Binary
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Data C Headers Programming Examples
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char filename[256] = {0}; strcpy(fi
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Range means that the filter will ap
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5.11.1 Data Properties Note that th
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Figure 5-54. Size histogram (left)
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Figure 5-57. Velocity distribution
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Figure 5-58 list output of 1D PDA d
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The next selection in the context m
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5.13.2 Objects under Merge object A
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N−1 Mean u ∑ ηiui = i= 0 N−1
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Cross-moments The property Cross-mo
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The calculation of ε fails if Umea
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Figure 5-71 General properties of t
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An alternative geometry of a 3D LDA
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Figure 5-75: FiberPDA phase plot. A
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5.16.3 Display properties The defau
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The output quantities of the diamet
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6. Options and Add-ons This chapter
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6.1 Advanced Graphics Add-on The ma
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Figure 6-2 The Tools-Options-Output
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Figure 6-5 Scale properties for 2D
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Property group ‘Display’ Also t
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6.1.3 2D Plot [m/s] 36 34 32 The 2D
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6.1.4 2D Histogram For off-line use
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Configuring the 2D Histogram The co
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Configuring the 3D Plot Figure 6-21
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Figure 6-23 “Interpolate bin” s
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Property group ‘Data’ Figure 6-
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Coordinate shown on Intercepts the
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LDA1-Mean [m/ s] -2,00 -3,00 -4,00
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Figure 6-32 Properties of the Vecto
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Figure 6-33 shows a velocity vector
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6.1.9 Exporting plots Copying a plo
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6.2 Synchronisation Option 6.2.1 In
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Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Out 1 14 Gr
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6.2.5 Sync. Output Signals properti
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Outputs Figure 6-40 Differential sy
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Figure 6-42 Cyclic phenomena in the
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Cycle length The property Cycle len
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It allows to define the number of b
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Note It is not possible to have 0 a
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Figure 6-47: Output data from the c
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performed prior to phase sorting yo
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Figure 6-51 Properties of the spect
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Blocking Using the FFT-approach to
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1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Weight fact
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Output from the Spectrum object The
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Page 261 and 262: 6.4.3 Correlation object Conclusion
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Page 265 and 266: Time The first column of the output
Page 267 and 268: The Protocol Figure 6-67: Generic t
Page 269 and 270: How to Use the Initialisation Strin
Page 271 and 272: Figure 6-69: Traverse File option i
Page 273 and 274: Properties Output from MATLAB engin
Page 275 and 276: Result window Script Hides and disp
Page 277 and 278: 6.6.2 Calculation object from to
Page 279 and 280: Tip To combine calculated data and
Page 281 and 282: max var. max of all arguments sum v
Page 283 and 284: 6.7.3 Software set-up Once A/D-hard
Page 285 and 286: Figure 6-76 BSA F/P application win
Page 287 and 288: 6.7.7 Analog input specifications J
Page 289 and 290: 6.8.1 Installation 6.8.2 Hardware c
Page 291 and 292: Figure 6-85 BSA F/P application win
Page 293 and 294: 6.9.1 Required hardware 6.9.2 Calib
Page 295 and 296: 2. Select Parameter Input 3. The fo
Page 297 and 298: B. Select Advanced Curve fitting an
Page 299 and 300: 6.10 Mobile system Monitor option T
Page 301 and 302: 7. Reference guide 7.1 Theory of La
Page 303 and 304: Doppler effect d0 R(z) Figure 7-1 L
Page 305 and 306: es e2 e1 U Figure 7-3 Scattering of
Page 307: Measuring volume proportional to pa
Page 311 and 312: 7.1.6 Frequency shift • Reduce th
Page 313 and 314: As long as the particle velocity do
Page 315 and 316: 7.1.7 Signals The primary result of
Page 317 and 318: 7.1.8 Seeding Seeding as flow field
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Page 321 and 322: 7.2 Theory of Phase Doppler Anemome
Page 323 and 324: D is the particle diameter. βi is
Page 325 and 326: For reflection (Equation 7-16) The
Page 327 and 328: Figure 7-21: The effect of changing
Page 329 and 330: This is the principle of the spheri
Page 331 and 332: The trajectory effect The slit effe
Page 333 and 334: Figure 7-28:The DualPDA as a combin
Page 335 and 336: Figure 7-31: Reflection and refract
Page 337 and 338: Characteristic scattering angles At
Page 339 and 340: ⎛ ϕ ⎞ ϕ2 = 4arcsin⎜ ⎟ −
Page 341 and 342: Figure 7-36: The critical angle con
Page 343 and 344: Using side scatter (reflected light
Page 345 and 346: Mask Front Lens Eye-piece Spatial f
Page 347 and 348: Alignment of the eyepiece The focus
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Page 351 and 352: For both orientations of polarizati
Page 353 and 354: Figure 7-46. The effect of changing
Page 355 and 356: Table of characteristic angles Defi
Page 357 and 358: n rel ϕ c1 ϕ b0 ϕ c2 ϕ b2 ϕ r2
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n rel ϕ c1 ϕ b0 ϕ c2 ϕ b2 ϕ r2
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Choice of wavelength Choice of mask
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Choice of wavelength and focal leng
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Choice of polarization Choice of sc
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Focal length Transmitter (FiberFlow
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Polarization ring Fixing screw Push
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Aperture plates The particle size r
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Tighten the cable securely at each
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Disconnect the receiving fiber V1 f
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Step by step procedure Phase-Dopple
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Lower half: The lower half of the b
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Recommended acceptance angles of th
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7.7.4 Air bubble in freon Character
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7.7.6 Bubble of air in diesel oil C
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7.7.8 Glass sphere in water Charact
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7.7.10 Latex sphere in water Charac
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Blocking increases calculation spee
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In this particular example we get:
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7.9 Moments (one-time statistics) 7
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1 = N Mean D mean ui (7-31) N ∑
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Software implementation Updating me
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u v 2 2 = = ∑ ∑ tU tV 2 2 − 2
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(histogram properties). ni is the n
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volume is calculated for the class
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D30 The volume mean diameter is cal
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Three further factors are however i
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d e ln 2 max 2 V do ∗ Vt = ( 7-48
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Diameter bins The number of diamete
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Trajectory dependent detection area
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Corrected particle Max d e ( Di ) C
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Integral time-scale τI Definition
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The mean values of u(t) and v(t) ar
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Low pass filtering & Step noise Obv
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fc ≡ t 1 2 ∆ If the true signal
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Estimator bias Estimator variance S
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-again S’(f) is used to distingui
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Zero padding Often the sampling per
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As an example the Hanning window is
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The Explorer window will now look s
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8.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Configuration Co
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. High Voltage or Figure 8-3: Calib
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Invalid particles in the corners Th
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Gaussain beam effect The following
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To check for connection, right-clic
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BSA Flow Software Installation and User's Guide - CSI

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