BSA Flow Software Installation and User's Guide - CSI

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However, not only the measurement size range is influenced by these parameters, also the diameter of the measurement volume and/or the frequency/velocity conversion factor may be influenced. Therefore the optimization of the optical system may occur under conflicting constraints. 7.3.3 Optimizing measurement conditions for DualPDA systems General considerations Increased accuracy The DualPDA has been developed especially to eliminate sizing errors due to the Gaussian beam effect (trajectory effect) and the slit effect and thereby increase the accuracy of mass flux and concentration measurements, even if the measurement volume is made very small to improve performance, for instance in dense sprays. Both the trajectory effect and the slit effect arise only when operating with the first order refractive mode of scattering, typical for measurement of liquid droplets in a gaseous medium or transparent spheres in a liquid. Therefore the following discussion focusses on the DualPDA application using first order refractive scattering. Main flow direction and fringe direction As with the conventional PDA, the main goal of the optimization procedure is to insure a linear phase/diameter relation while maximizing the signal intensity. In the case of the DualPDA, this must be performed under the constraint that two PDA systems must be optimized simultaneously, the conventional PDA (CPDA) and the planar PDA (PPDA). The two detecting apertures of the CPDA are in the same receiving unit as the two detecting apertures of the PPDA, thus the scattering angle of the CPDA is at the same time the mean rotation angle of the planar PDA. One final note of generality applies to the planar PDA. The name "planar" already emphasizes that the two detectors lie in the same plane as the transmitting beams. According to the nomenclature (chaper 7.2.1), the scattering angle of the detectors is zero. The two detectors have then two different rotation angles (see Figure 7-18). However, the equation expressing the geometrical factor for first order refraction, given in chaper 7.2.1 is still valid, at least within the validity of geometric optics. To simplify notation however, the following discussion will refer to the scattering angle at which the DualPDA probe is placed, meaning scattering angle in the CPDA sense. With the DualPDA there is no preferred main flow direction. Inherently two components of particle velocity will always be measured. Therefore the mass flux normal to the YZ-plane (f x ) and to the XZ-plane (f y ) will always be available (see 0 7 (Mean diameters, Size histograms and algorithms for concentration and flux measurements). 7-66 BSA Flow Software: Reference guide
Choice of wavelength and focal length Nevertheless, the measurement accuracy, especially of mass flux, can still be greatly influenced by the choice of main flow direction. This is apparent when examining the equations given in 0. If for instance the main flow direction is along the X-axis, the trajectory angle γ will be close to zero and the reference cross-section normal to the Y-axis, A y , will be very sensitive to smallest fluctuations of γ. Thus, while the measurement of the mass flux f x will be very reliable, the measurement of f y will exhibit a large statistical variance. Note that this is not a problem inherent in the DualPDA, but rather a very common consideration in measurement science. The best resolution and accuracy when measuring a vector quantity is always obtained when the transducer sensitivity is aligned with the vector. Also this is usually not a major consideration, since often only one component of the mass flux vector is required, in which case alignment with either the X-axis or the Y-axis is not harmful. In the end the choice of main flow direction may be decided more on the basis of how the receiving probe can best be mounted. The choice of the fringe direction is the same as in FiberPDA (see 0). The DualPDA is operated with an Ar-Ion laser, providing beams at two wavelengths, green (λ = 514.5 nm) and blue (λ = 488.0 nm). Both wavelengths are used in the size measurement and therefore a decision must be made if the green line is used for the U-channels (U1 and U2 for the conventional PDA) or for the V-channels (V1 and V2 for the planar PDA). Basically there are two considerations in making this decision. One is that the scattered light power should be as equal as possible on all detectors. The second factor involves the linearity of the phase/diameter relation. Different receiving The first factor relates to wavelength only because the available power in Areas the respective wavelengths generally vary with overall power. At low power levels the blue line (λ = 488.0 nm) is more intense than the green line (λ = 514.5 nm), whereas the reverse is true for higher laser powers. The incident power levels could conceivably be used to equalize other imbalances in the system, for instance aperture size, gain or different scattering characteristics. The DualPDA is presently layed out with aperture areas as shown below in Table A1-1. Mask A Mask B Mask C U1, U2 407 176 77 V1, V2 200 100 50 Table A1-1. Receiving area (in mm²) of the different DualPDA apertures. BSA Flow Software:Reference guide 7-67
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BSA Flow Software Version 4.10 Inst
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1. General 1.1 Table of Contents 1.
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5.5 Optical Calibrated LDA System p
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7.2.1 Basic principles of phase Dop
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1.2 Dantec Dynamics Licence Agreeme
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1.3 Laser safety All equipment usin
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2. Introduction Congratulations wit
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2.1.9 Analog Monitor Option 2.1.10
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2.3.4 Trouble shooting 2.3.5 On-lin
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3. Installation 3.1 General 3.1.1 P
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Directory structure CPU usage will
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3.2.2 Installation as administrator
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You have the possibility to define
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Click Next and select the add-ons y
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Peer-to-peer connection Processor s
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Click on the Download tab to get th
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The BSA processor will restart. Thi
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• If the Game controller needs to
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Figure 3-2 National Instruments Mea
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3.7 Third party traverse system To
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4. The user interface 4.1 Layout Me
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4. If the mouse pointer was in the
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4.3 Project explorer shortcuts to t
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Figure 4-5 Dialog for adding object
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Using Templates To make a Template,
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4.6 The tool bar Figure 4-6 the pro
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Save As... Figure 4-10 the File men
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Figure 4-11 Save As compressed proj
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Figure 4-14 the Properties - Summar
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Figure 4-18 The Select Position dia
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Options With the Options you get a
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When Enable error logging is checke
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The fourth format, Significant Digi
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The PDA Optical Configuration objec
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4.7.7 Help menu Figure 4-34 The Hel
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4.9 Message window • by clicking
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PM and Bragg cell connections Warni
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LDA and PDA transmitting optics The
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Click on OK. Note For fully opaque
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In the third step, the software con
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Lightweight Traverse with handbox C
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57G15 Traverse interface Third part
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• right-click the Traverse Server
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4. This brings up the following dia
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To change a setting, click in the V
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Figure 4-39 System monitor in auto-
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14. You have now completed data acq
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4. Check the Show System Monitor wh
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. 8. LDA 1 properties are specific
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11. To monitor the Doppler signals,
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The axes will automatically rescale
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Click Acquire. If a complete new re
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Define the positions that you want
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Select the type of the files to ope
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5. Project explorer objects 5.1 Sta
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Browse to the file you wish to impo
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For each column, the data type must
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5.3.1 Output properties Figure 5-4
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Figure 5-7 The Custom… dialog und
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Figure 5-8 BSA F/P 30: processor pr
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Max. acquisition time: The maximum
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Normal user interface Advanced user
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Figure 5-11 The Bragg cell connecto
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LDA 1, 2, . properties: Range and g
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5.3.4 System monitor It frequently
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Scope: Burst spectrum display Recor
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Overlaid Graphs: used to show the b
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Uncheck the Use default bindings bo
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The calibration data are stored in
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5.6.1 PDA beam system The Beam syst
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Figure 5-24: Fringe direction setti
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5.6.4 Medium properties Medium name
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Software max. limit in mm.: Self ex
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The default address of the National
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Traverse coordinates of a datum poi
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5.7.8 Traverse Mesh generator If yo
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Regions Figure 5-39 Motion pattern,
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Warning Please observe strict secur
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5.9 Export Figure 5-40 Data-sources
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If multiple positions are exported
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5.9.3 Selected columns 5.9.4 Binary
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Data C Headers Programming Examples
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char filename[256] = {0}; strcpy(fi
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Range means that the filter will ap
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5.11.1 Data Properties Note that th
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Figure 5-54. Size histogram (left)
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Figure 5-57. Velocity distribution
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Figure 5-58 list output of 1D PDA d
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The next selection in the context m
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5.13.2 Objects under Merge object A
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N−1 Mean u ∑ ηiui = i= 0 N−1
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Cross-moments The property Cross-mo
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The calculation of ε fails if Umea
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Figure 5-71 General properties of t
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An alternative geometry of a 3D LDA
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Figure 5-75: FiberPDA phase plot. A
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5.16.3 Display properties The defau
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The output quantities of the diamet
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6. Options and Add-ons This chapter
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6.1 Advanced Graphics Add-on The ma
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Figure 6-2 The Tools-Options-Output
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Figure 6-5 Scale properties for 2D
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Property group ‘Display’ Also t
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6.1.3 2D Plot [m/s] 36 34 32 The 2D
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6.1.4 2D Histogram For off-line use
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Configuring the 2D Histogram The co
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Configuring the 3D Plot Figure 6-21
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Figure 6-23 “Interpolate bin” s
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Property group ‘Data’ Figure 6-
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Coordinate shown on Intercepts the
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LDA1-Mean [m/ s] -2,00 -3,00 -4,00
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Figure 6-32 Properties of the Vecto
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Figure 6-33 shows a velocity vector
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6.1.9 Exporting plots Copying a plo
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6.2 Synchronisation Option 6.2.1 In
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Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Out 1 14 Gr
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6.2.5 Sync. Output Signals properti
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Outputs Figure 6-40 Differential sy
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Figure 6-42 Cyclic phenomena in the
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Cycle length The property Cycle len
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It allows to define the number of b
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Note It is not possible to have 0 a
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Figure 6-47: Output data from the c
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performed prior to phase sorting yo
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Figure 6-51 Properties of the spect
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Blocking Using the FFT-approach to
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1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Weight fact
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Output from the Spectrum object The
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6.4.2 Advanced Spectrum object Load
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To evaluate the new algorithm, comp
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6.4.3 Correlation object Conclusion
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20 16 12 8 4 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
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Time The first column of the output
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The Protocol Figure 6-67: Generic t
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How to Use the Initialisation Strin
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Figure 6-69: Traverse File option i
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Properties Output from MATLAB engin
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Result window Script Hides and disp
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6.6.2 Calculation object from to
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Tip To combine calculated data and
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max var. max of all arguments sum v
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6.7.3 Software set-up Once A/D-hard
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Figure 6-76 BSA F/P application win
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6.7.7 Analog input specifications J
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6.8.1 Installation 6.8.2 Hardware c
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Figure 6-85 BSA F/P application win
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6.9.1 Required hardware 6.9.2 Calib
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2. Select Parameter Input 3. The fo
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B. Select Advanced Curve fitting an
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6.10 Mobile system Monitor option T
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7. Reference guide 7.1 Theory of La
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Doppler effect d0 R(z) Figure 7-1 L
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es e2 e1 U Figure 7-3 Scattering of
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Measuring volume proportional to pa
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Laser fI Beam splitter As indicated
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7.1.6 Frequency shift • Reduce th
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As long as the particle velocity do
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Page 321 and 322: 7.2 Theory of Phase Doppler Anemome
Page 323 and 324: D is the particle diameter. βi is
Page 325 and 326: For reflection (Equation 7-16) The
Page 327 and 328: Figure 7-21: The effect of changing
Page 329 and 330: This is the principle of the spheri
Page 331 and 332: The trajectory effect The slit effe
Page 333 and 334: Figure 7-28:The DualPDA as a combin
Page 335 and 336: Figure 7-31: Reflection and refract
Page 337 and 338: Characteristic scattering angles At
Page 339 and 340: ⎛ ϕ ⎞ ϕ2 = 4arcsin⎜ ⎟ −
Page 341 and 342: Figure 7-36: The critical angle con
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Page 345 and 346: Mask Front Lens Eye-piece Spatial f
Page 347 and 348: Alignment of the eyepiece The focus
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Page 351 and 352: For both orientations of polarizati
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Page 355 and 356: Table of characteristic angles Defi
Page 357 and 358: n rel ϕ c1 ϕ b0 ϕ c2 ϕ b2 ϕ r2
Page 365: Choice of wavelength Choice of mask
Page 369 and 370: Choice of polarization Choice of sc
Page 371 and 372: Focal length Transmitter (FiberFlow
Page 373 and 374: Polarization ring Fixing screw Push
Page 375 and 376: Aperture plates The particle size r
Page 377 and 378: Tighten the cable securely at each
Page 379 and 380: Disconnect the receiving fiber V1 f
Page 381 and 382: Step by step procedure Phase-Dopple
Page 383 and 384: Lower half: The lower half of the b
Page 385 and 386: Recommended acceptance angles of th
Page 387 and 388: 7.7.4 Air bubble in freon Character
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Page 391 and 392: 7.7.8 Glass sphere in water Charact
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Page 397 and 398: In this particular example we get:
Page 399 and 400: 7.9 Moments (one-time statistics) 7
Page 401 and 402: 1 = N Mean D mean ui (7-31) N ∑
Page 403 and 404: Software implementation Updating me
Page 405 and 406: u v 2 2 = = ∑ ∑ tU tV 2 2 − 2
Page 407 and 408: (histogram properties). ni is the n
Page 409 and 410: volume is calculated for the class
Page 411 and 412: D30 The volume mean diameter is cal
Page 413 and 414: Three further factors are however i
Page 415 and 416: d e ln 2 max 2 V do ∗ Vt = ( 7-48
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Diameter bins The number of diamete
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Trajectory dependent detection area
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Corrected particle Max d e ( Di ) C
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Integral time-scale τI Definition
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The mean values of u(t) and v(t) ar
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Low pass filtering & Step noise Obv
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fc ≡ t 1 2 ∆ If the true signal
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Estimator bias Estimator variance S
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-again S’(f) is used to distingui
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Zero padding Often the sampling per
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As an example the Hanning window is
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The Explorer window will now look s
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8.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Configuration Co
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. High Voltage or Figure 8-3: Calib
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Invalid particles in the corners Th
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Gaussain beam effect The following
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To check for connection, right-clic
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