BSA Flow Software Installation and User's Guide - CSI

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2-D Probe 1-D Probe Figure 7-74. 3D optical configuration with 2D probe aligned with w The velocities actually measured in Figure 7-74 are u1, u2 and u3, but the velocities desired are in the directions u, v and w. While u1 and u2 correspond to u and v directly, the third component, w, must be calculated from u2 and u3 knowing the angle α. In this particular example we get: ⎧ ⎧ u ⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ v ⎬ = ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩⎪ w⎭⎪ ⎪ ⎩⎪ u3 u2 ⎫ 1 0 0 ⎪ ⎧ u1 ⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ 0 1 0 ⎬ ⋅ ⎨ u 2 ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ 1 1 0 ⎪ ⎩⎪ u 3 ⎭⎪ tanα sinα⎭⎪ All further calculations are based on the Cartesian velocities (u, v, w). v u1 α u w (7-21) 7-98 BSA Flow Software: Reference guide
7.9 Moments (one-time statistics) 7.9.1 Weighting factor Moments are the simplest form of statistics that can be calculated for a set of data. The calculations are based on individual samples, and the possible relations between samples are ignored as is the timing of events. This leads to moments sometimes being referred to as one-time statistics, since samples are treated one at a time. In Table 7-2 the formulas for estimating moments are listed. The table operates with velocity-components xi and yi, but this is just examples, and could of course be any velocity component, cartesian or not. It could even be samples of an external signal representing pressure, temperature or something else. N−1 Mean u ∑ η u = i= 0 i i N−1 ∑ i i i= 0 2 Variance σ = η ( − ) 2 (7-22) u u (7-23) 2 RMS σ = σ (7-24) Turbulence Tu Skewness S= ∑ η i( ui − ) = ⋅ u σ 100% (7-25) N −1 1 3 i= 0 Flatness F= ∑ η i( ui − ) σ N −1 1 4 i= 0 σ N −1 ∑ η 3 u (7-26) 4 u (7-27) Cross-Moments uv − u v = i( ui − u)( vi − v) i= 0 Table 7-2: Formulas for estimating moments (7-28) You may find the so-called weighting factor ηi disturbing, as you would normally expect simply ηi=1/N. Unfortunately this would bias your results, since LDA-measurements especially in highly turbulent flows tend to contain more samples of fast particles than slow ones. To compensate for this fast particles are given less weight than slow ones in the calculations as described in the following section. Velocity bias Even for incompressible flows where the seeding particles are statistically uniformly distributed, the sampling process is not independent of the process being sampled (that is the velocity field). Measurements have shown that the particle arrival rate and the flowfield are strongly correlated (McLaughlin & Tiedermann (1973)] and [Erdmann & Gellert (1976)]). During periods of higher velocity, a larger volume of fluid is swept through the measuring volume, and consequently a greater number of velocity samples will be recorded. As a direct result, an attempt to evaluate the statistics of the flow field using arithmetic averaging will bias the results in favour of the higher velocities. Independent samples One way to avoid this so-called velocity bias is to ensure statistically BSA Flow Software:Reference guide 7-99
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BSA Flow Software Version 4.10 Inst
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1. General 1.1 Table of Contents 1.
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5.5 Optical Calibrated LDA System p
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7.2.1 Basic principles of phase Dop
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1.2 Dantec Dynamics Licence Agreeme
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1.3 Laser safety All equipment usin
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2. Introduction Congratulations wit
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2.1.9 Analog Monitor Option 2.1.10
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2.3.4 Trouble shooting 2.3.5 On-lin
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3. Installation 3.1 General 3.1.1 P
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Directory structure CPU usage will
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3.2.2 Installation as administrator
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You have the possibility to define
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Click Next and select the add-ons y
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Peer-to-peer connection Processor s
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Click on the Download tab to get th
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The BSA processor will restart. Thi
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• If the Game controller needs to
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Figure 3-2 National Instruments Mea
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3.7 Third party traverse system To
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4. The user interface 4.1 Layout Me
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4. If the mouse pointer was in the
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4.3 Project explorer shortcuts to t
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Figure 4-5 Dialog for adding object
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Using Templates To make a Template,
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4.6 The tool bar Figure 4-6 the pro
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Save As... Figure 4-10 the File men
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Figure 4-11 Save As compressed proj
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Figure 4-14 the Properties - Summar
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Figure 4-18 The Select Position dia
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Options With the Options you get a
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When Enable error logging is checke
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The fourth format, Significant Digi
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The PDA Optical Configuration objec
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4.7.7 Help menu Figure 4-34 The Hel
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4.9 Message window • by clicking
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PM and Bragg cell connections Warni
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LDA and PDA transmitting optics The
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Click on OK. Note For fully opaque
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In the third step, the software con
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Lightweight Traverse with handbox C
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57G15 Traverse interface Third part
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• right-click the Traverse Server
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4. This brings up the following dia
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To change a setting, click in the V
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Figure 4-39 System monitor in auto-
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14. You have now completed data acq
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4. Check the Show System Monitor wh
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. 8. LDA 1 properties are specific
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11. To monitor the Doppler signals,
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The axes will automatically rescale
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Click Acquire. If a complete new re
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Define the positions that you want
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Select the type of the files to ope
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5. Project explorer objects 5.1 Sta
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Browse to the file you wish to impo
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For each column, the data type must
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5.3.1 Output properties Figure 5-4
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Figure 5-7 The Custom… dialog und
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Figure 5-8 BSA F/P 30: processor pr
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Max. acquisition time: The maximum
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Normal user interface Advanced user
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Figure 5-11 The Bragg cell connecto
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LDA 1, 2, . properties: Range and g
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5.3.4 System monitor It frequently
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Scope: Burst spectrum display Recor
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Overlaid Graphs: used to show the b
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Uncheck the Use default bindings bo
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The calibration data are stored in
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5.6.1 PDA beam system The Beam syst
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Figure 5-24: Fringe direction setti
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5.6.4 Medium properties Medium name
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Software max. limit in mm.: Self ex
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The default address of the National
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Traverse coordinates of a datum poi
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5.7.8 Traverse Mesh generator If yo
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Regions Figure 5-39 Motion pattern,
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Warning Please observe strict secur
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5.9 Export Figure 5-40 Data-sources
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If multiple positions are exported
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5.9.3 Selected columns 5.9.4 Binary
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Data C Headers Programming Examples
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char filename[256] = {0}; strcpy(fi
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Range means that the filter will ap
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5.11.1 Data Properties Note that th
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Figure 5-54. Size histogram (left)
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Figure 5-57. Velocity distribution
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Figure 5-58 list output of 1D PDA d
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The next selection in the context m
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5.13.2 Objects under Merge object A
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N−1 Mean u ∑ ηiui = i= 0 N−1
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Cross-moments The property Cross-mo
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The calculation of ε fails if Umea
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Figure 5-71 General properties of t
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An alternative geometry of a 3D LDA
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Figure 5-75: FiberPDA phase plot. A
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5.16.3 Display properties The defau
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The output quantities of the diamet
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6. Options and Add-ons This chapter
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6.1 Advanced Graphics Add-on The ma
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Figure 6-2 The Tools-Options-Output
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Figure 6-5 Scale properties for 2D
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Property group ‘Display’ Also t
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6.1.3 2D Plot [m/s] 36 34 32 The 2D
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6.1.4 2D Histogram For off-line use
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Configuring the 2D Histogram The co
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Configuring the 3D Plot Figure 6-21
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Figure 6-23 “Interpolate bin” s
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Property group ‘Data’ Figure 6-
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Coordinate shown on Intercepts the
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LDA1-Mean [m/ s] -2,00 -3,00 -4,00
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Figure 6-32 Properties of the Vecto
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Figure 6-33 shows a velocity vector
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6.1.9 Exporting plots Copying a plo
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6.2 Synchronisation Option 6.2.1 In
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Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Out 1 14 Gr
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6.2.5 Sync. Output Signals properti
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Outputs Figure 6-40 Differential sy
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Figure 6-42 Cyclic phenomena in the
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Cycle length The property Cycle len
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It allows to define the number of b
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Note It is not possible to have 0 a
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Figure 6-47: Output data from the c
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performed prior to phase sorting yo
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Figure 6-51 Properties of the spect
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Blocking Using the FFT-approach to
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1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Weight fact
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Output from the Spectrum object The
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6.4.2 Advanced Spectrum object Load
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To evaluate the new algorithm, comp
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6.4.3 Correlation object Conclusion
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20 16 12 8 4 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
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Time The first column of the output
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The Protocol Figure 6-67: Generic t
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How to Use the Initialisation Strin
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Figure 6-69: Traverse File option i
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Properties Output from MATLAB engin
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Result window Script Hides and disp
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6.6.2 Calculation object from to
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Tip To combine calculated data and
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max var. max of all arguments sum v
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6.7.3 Software set-up Once A/D-hard
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Figure 6-76 BSA F/P application win
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6.7.7 Analog input specifications J
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6.8.1 Installation 6.8.2 Hardware c
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Figure 6-85 BSA F/P application win
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6.9.1 Required hardware 6.9.2 Calib
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2. Select Parameter Input 3. The fo
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B. Select Advanced Curve fitting an
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6.10 Mobile system Monitor option T
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7. Reference guide 7.1 Theory of La
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Doppler effect d0 R(z) Figure 7-1 L
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es e2 e1 U Figure 7-3 Scattering of
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Measuring volume proportional to pa
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Laser fI Beam splitter As indicated
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7.1.6 Frequency shift • Reduce th
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As long as the particle velocity do
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7.1.7 Signals The primary result of
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7.1.8 Seeding Seeding as flow field
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150 90 180 0 180 0 180 0 210 120 24
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7.2 Theory of Phase Doppler Anemome
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D is the particle diameter. βi is
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For reflection (Equation 7-16) The
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Figure 7-21: The effect of changing
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This is the principle of the spheri
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The trajectory effect The slit effe
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Figure 7-28:The DualPDA as a combin
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Figure 7-31: Reflection and refract
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Characteristic scattering angles At
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⎛ ϕ ⎞ ϕ2 = 4arcsin⎜ ⎟ −
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Figure 7-36: The critical angle con
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Using side scatter (reflected light
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Mask Front Lens Eye-piece Spatial f
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Page 355 and 356: Table of characteristic angles Defi
Page 357 and 358: n rel ϕ c1 ϕ b0 ϕ c2 ϕ b2 ϕ r2
Page 365 and 366: Choice of wavelength Choice of mask
Page 367 and 368: Choice of wavelength and focal leng
Page 369 and 370: Choice of polarization Choice of sc
Page 371 and 372: Focal length Transmitter (FiberFlow
Page 373 and 374: Polarization ring Fixing screw Push
Page 375 and 376: Aperture plates The particle size r
Page 377 and 378: Tighten the cable securely at each
Page 379 and 380: Disconnect the receiving fiber V1 f
Page 381 and 382: Step by step procedure Phase-Dopple
Page 383 and 384: Lower half: The lower half of the b
Page 385 and 386: Recommended acceptance angles of th
Page 387 and 388: 7.7.4 Air bubble in freon Character
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Page 391 and 392: 7.7.8 Glass sphere in water Charact
Page 393 and 394: 7.7.10 Latex sphere in water Charac
Page 395 and 396: Blocking increases calculation spee
Page 397: In this particular example we get:
Page 401 and 402: 1 = N Mean D mean ui (7-31) N ∑
Page 403 and 404: Software implementation Updating me
Page 405 and 406: u v 2 2 = = ∑ ∑ tU tV 2 2 − 2
Page 407 and 408: (histogram properties). ni is the n
Page 409 and 410: volume is calculated for the class
Page 411 and 412: D30 The volume mean diameter is cal
Page 413 and 414: Three further factors are however i
Page 415 and 416: d e ln 2 max 2 V do ∗ Vt = ( 7-48
Page 417 and 418: Diameter bins The number of diamete
Page 419 and 420: Trajectory dependent detection area
Page 421 and 422: Corrected particle Max d e ( Di ) C
Page 423 and 424: Integral time-scale τI Definition
Page 425 and 426: The mean values of u(t) and v(t) ar
Page 427 and 428: Low pass filtering & Step noise Obv
Page 429 and 430: fc ≡ t 1 2 ∆ If the true signal
Page 431 and 432: Estimator bias Estimator variance S
Page 433 and 434: -again S’(f) is used to distingui
Page 435 and 436: Zero padding Often the sampling per
Page 437: As an example the Hanning window is
Page 440 and 441: The Explorer window will now look s
Page 442 and 443: 8.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Configuration Co
Page 444 and 445: . High Voltage or Figure 8-3: Calib
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Gaussain beam effect The following
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To check for connection, right-clic
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