BSA Flow Software Installation and User's Guide - CSI

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Figure 7-11 Doppler burst. Figure 7-12 Filtered signal with the DC-component removed. If more particles are present in the measuring volume simultaneously, we speak of a multi-particle signal. The detector current is the sum of the current bursts from each individual particle within the illuminated region. Since the particles are located randomly in space, the individual current contributions are added with random phases, and the resulting Doppler signal envelope and phase will fluctuate. Most LDA-processors are designed for single-particle bursts, and with a multi-particle signal, they will normally estimate the velocity as a weighted average of the particles within the measuring volume. You should be aware however, that the random phase fluctuations of the multi-particle LDA signal add a phase noise to the detected Doppler frequency, which is very difficult to remove. 7-16 BSA Flow Software: Reference guide
7.1.8 Seeding Seeding as flow field tracers In LDA it is not actually the velocity of the flow that is measured, but the velocity of particles suspended in the flow. In this respect these seeding particles can be considered to be the actual velocity probes, and seeding considerations are thus important in LDA. The particles must be small enough to track the flow accurately, yet large enough to scatter sufficient light for the photodetector to be able to detect the Doppler frequency. Ideally, the particles should also be neutrally buoyant in the fluid, that is they should have approximately the same density as the fluid itself, but in many experiments this is a secondary consideration. Durst, Melling & Whitelaw (1981) state the following desired properties of seeding particles: Particles whose motion is used to represent that of a fluid should be: • Able to follow the flow. • Good light scatterers. • Conveniently generated. • Cheap. • Non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-abrasive. • Non-volatile, or slow to evaporate. • Chemically inactive. • Clean. In general the motion of particles suspended in a fluid is affected by • Particle shape. • Particle size. • Relative density of particle and fluid. • Concentration of particles in the fluid. • Body forces. The shape of the seeding particles affect the drag exerted on the particle by the surrounding fluid, and the size of the particles along with their relative density influence their response to velocity changes of the surrounding fluid. The concentration of particles affect particle motion through interaction between different particles. In practice the concentrations used are normally so low, that particle interaction can be neglected. Also body forces, such as gravity, can normally be ignored, except in very slow flows, where buoyancy of the seeding particles may be an issue. Also in experiments including for example electrostatic fields, body forces may be of importance, but in such cases, they will probably be part of the experiment, and as such they can not really be considered a disturbance. Particle motion Since the analysis of particle motion is rather complicated even for spherical particles, and “real” particles can’t be modelled properly anyway, only spherical particles in an infinite fluid have been analysed. It is assumed, that the results apply qualitatively also for particles of more irregular shape. This assumption is good for liquid particles and fair for monodisperse solid particles, but poor for other solid particles, such as agglomerates. Basset derived the equation of motion for a sphere relative to an infinite, stagnant fluid in 1888, and in 1959 Hinze expanded this to a moving fluid, BSA Flow Software:Reference guide 7-17
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BSA Flow Software Version 4.10 Inst
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1. General 1.1 Table of Contents 1.
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5.5 Optical Calibrated LDA System p
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7.2.1 Basic principles of phase Dop
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1.2 Dantec Dynamics Licence Agreeme
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1.3 Laser safety All equipment usin
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2. Introduction Congratulations wit
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2.1.9 Analog Monitor Option 2.1.10
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2.3.4 Trouble shooting 2.3.5 On-lin
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3. Installation 3.1 General 3.1.1 P
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Directory structure CPU usage will
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3.2.2 Installation as administrator
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You have the possibility to define
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Click Next and select the add-ons y
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Peer-to-peer connection Processor s
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Click on the Download tab to get th
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The BSA processor will restart. Thi
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• If the Game controller needs to
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Figure 3-2 National Instruments Mea
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3.7 Third party traverse system To
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4. The user interface 4.1 Layout Me
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4. If the mouse pointer was in the
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4.3 Project explorer shortcuts to t
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Figure 4-5 Dialog for adding object
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Using Templates To make a Template,
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4.6 The tool bar Figure 4-6 the pro
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Save As... Figure 4-10 the File men
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Figure 4-11 Save As compressed proj
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Figure 4-14 the Properties - Summar
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Figure 4-18 The Select Position dia
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Options With the Options you get a
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When Enable error logging is checke
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The fourth format, Significant Digi
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The PDA Optical Configuration objec
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4.7.7 Help menu Figure 4-34 The Hel
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4.9 Message window • by clicking
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PM and Bragg cell connections Warni
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LDA and PDA transmitting optics The
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Click on OK. Note For fully opaque
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In the third step, the software con
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Lightweight Traverse with handbox C
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57G15 Traverse interface Third part
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• right-click the Traverse Server
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4. This brings up the following dia
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To change a setting, click in the V
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Figure 4-39 System monitor in auto-
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14. You have now completed data acq
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4. Check the Show System Monitor wh
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. 8. LDA 1 properties are specific
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11. To monitor the Doppler signals,
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The axes will automatically rescale
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Click Acquire. If a complete new re
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Define the positions that you want
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Select the type of the files to ope
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5. Project explorer objects 5.1 Sta
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Browse to the file you wish to impo
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For each column, the data type must
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5.3.1 Output properties Figure 5-4
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Figure 5-7 The Custom… dialog und
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Figure 5-8 BSA F/P 30: processor pr
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Max. acquisition time: The maximum
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Normal user interface Advanced user
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Figure 5-11 The Bragg cell connecto
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LDA 1, 2, . properties: Range and g
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5.3.4 System monitor It frequently
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Scope: Burst spectrum display Recor
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Overlaid Graphs: used to show the b
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Uncheck the Use default bindings bo
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The calibration data are stored in
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5.6.1 PDA beam system The Beam syst
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Figure 5-24: Fringe direction setti
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5.6.4 Medium properties Medium name
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Software max. limit in mm.: Self ex
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The default address of the National
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Traverse coordinates of a datum poi
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5.7.8 Traverse Mesh generator If yo
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Regions Figure 5-39 Motion pattern,
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Warning Please observe strict secur
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5.9 Export Figure 5-40 Data-sources
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If multiple positions are exported
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5.9.3 Selected columns 5.9.4 Binary
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Data C Headers Programming Examples
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char filename[256] = {0}; strcpy(fi
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Range means that the filter will ap
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5.11.1 Data Properties Note that th
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Figure 5-54. Size histogram (left)
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Figure 5-57. Velocity distribution
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Figure 5-58 list output of 1D PDA d
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The next selection in the context m
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5.13.2 Objects under Merge object A
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N−1 Mean u ∑ ηiui = i= 0 N−1
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Cross-moments The property Cross-mo
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The calculation of ε fails if Umea
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Figure 5-71 General properties of t
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An alternative geometry of a 3D LDA
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Figure 5-75: FiberPDA phase plot. A
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5.16.3 Display properties The defau
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The output quantities of the diamet
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6. Options and Add-ons This chapter
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6.1 Advanced Graphics Add-on The ma
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Figure 6-2 The Tools-Options-Output
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Figure 6-5 Scale properties for 2D
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Property group ‘Display’ Also t
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6.1.3 2D Plot [m/s] 36 34 32 The 2D
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6.1.4 2D Histogram For off-line use
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Configuring the 2D Histogram The co
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Configuring the 3D Plot Figure 6-21
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Figure 6-23 “Interpolate bin” s
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Property group ‘Data’ Figure 6-
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Coordinate shown on Intercepts the
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LDA1-Mean [m/ s] -2,00 -3,00 -4,00
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Figure 6-32 Properties of the Vecto
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Figure 6-33 shows a velocity vector
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6.1.9 Exporting plots Copying a plo
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6.2 Synchronisation Option 6.2.1 In
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Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Out 1 14 Gr
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6.2.5 Sync. Output Signals properti
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Outputs Figure 6-40 Differential sy
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Figure 6-42 Cyclic phenomena in the
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Cycle length The property Cycle len
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It allows to define the number of b
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Note It is not possible to have 0 a
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Figure 6-47: Output data from the c
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performed prior to phase sorting yo
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Figure 6-51 Properties of the spect
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Blocking Using the FFT-approach to
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1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Weight fact
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Output from the Spectrum object The
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6.4.2 Advanced Spectrum object Load
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To evaluate the new algorithm, comp
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6.4.3 Correlation object Conclusion
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20 16 12 8 4 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Page 265 and 266: Time The first column of the output
Page 267 and 268: The Protocol Figure 6-67: Generic t
Page 269 and 270: How to Use the Initialisation Strin
Page 271 and 272: Figure 6-69: Traverse File option i
Page 273 and 274: Properties Output from MATLAB engin
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Page 277 and 278: 6.6.2 Calculation object from to
Page 279 and 280: Tip To combine calculated data and
Page 281 and 282: max var. max of all arguments sum v
Page 283 and 284: 6.7.3 Software set-up Once A/D-hard
Page 285 and 286: Figure 6-76 BSA F/P application win
Page 287 and 288: 6.7.7 Analog input specifications J
Page 289 and 290: 6.8.1 Installation 6.8.2 Hardware c
Page 291 and 292: Figure 6-85 BSA F/P application win
Page 293 and 294: 6.9.1 Required hardware 6.9.2 Calib
Page 295 and 296: 2. Select Parameter Input 3. The fo
Page 297 and 298: B. Select Advanced Curve fitting an
Page 299 and 300: 6.10 Mobile system Monitor option T
Page 301 and 302: 7. Reference guide 7.1 Theory of La
Page 303 and 304: Doppler effect d0 R(z) Figure 7-1 L
Page 305 and 306: es e2 e1 U Figure 7-3 Scattering of
Page 307 and 308: Measuring volume proportional to pa
Page 309 and 310: Laser fI Beam splitter As indicated
Page 311 and 312: 7.1.6 Frequency shift • Reduce th
Page 313 and 314: As long as the particle velocity do
Page 315: 7.1.7 Signals The primary result of
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Page 321 and 322: 7.2 Theory of Phase Doppler Anemome
Page 323 and 324: D is the particle diameter. βi is
Page 325 and 326: For reflection (Equation 7-16) The
Page 327 and 328: Figure 7-21: The effect of changing
Page 329 and 330: This is the principle of the spheri
Page 331 and 332: The trajectory effect The slit effe
Page 333 and 334: Figure 7-28:The DualPDA as a combin
Page 335 and 336: Figure 7-31: Reflection and refract
Page 337 and 338: Characteristic scattering angles At
Page 339 and 340: ⎛ ϕ ⎞ ϕ2 = 4arcsin⎜ ⎟ −
Page 341 and 342: Figure 7-36: The critical angle con
Page 343 and 344: Using side scatter (reflected light
Page 345 and 346: Mask Front Lens Eye-piece Spatial f
Page 347 and 348: Alignment of the eyepiece The focus
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Page 351 and 352: For both orientations of polarizati
Page 353 and 354: Figure 7-46. The effect of changing
Page 355 and 356: Table of characteristic angles Defi
Page 357 and 358: n rel ϕ c1 ϕ b0 ϕ c2 ϕ b2 ϕ r2
Page 365 and 366: Choice of wavelength Choice of mask
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Choice of wavelength and focal leng
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Choice of polarization Choice of sc
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Focal length Transmitter (FiberFlow
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Polarization ring Fixing screw Push
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Aperture plates The particle size r
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Tighten the cable securely at each
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Disconnect the receiving fiber V1 f
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Step by step procedure Phase-Dopple
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Lower half: The lower half of the b
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Recommended acceptance angles of th
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7.7.4 Air bubble in freon Character
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7.7.6 Bubble of air in diesel oil C
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7.7.8 Glass sphere in water Charact
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7.7.10 Latex sphere in water Charac
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Blocking increases calculation spee
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In this particular example we get:
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7.9 Moments (one-time statistics) 7
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1 = N Mean D mean ui (7-31) N ∑
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Software implementation Updating me
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u v 2 2 = = ∑ ∑ tU tV 2 2 − 2
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(histogram properties). ni is the n
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volume is calculated for the class
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D30 The volume mean diameter is cal
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Three further factors are however i
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d e ln 2 max 2 V do ∗ Vt = ( 7-48
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Diameter bins The number of diamete
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Trajectory dependent detection area
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Corrected particle Max d e ( Di ) C
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Integral time-scale τI Definition
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The mean values of u(t) and v(t) ar
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Low pass filtering & Step noise Obv
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fc ≡ t 1 2 ∆ If the true signal
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Estimator bias Estimator variance S
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-again S’(f) is used to distingui
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Zero padding Often the sampling per
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As an example the Hanning window is
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The Explorer window will now look s
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8.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Configuration Co
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. High Voltage or Figure 8-3: Calib
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Invalid particles in the corners Th
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Gaussain beam effect The following
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To check for connection, right-clic
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