BSA Flow Software Installation and User's Guide - CSI

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7.3 Setting up a PDA system 7.3.1 General To remedy this problem, the 58N81 DualPDA Detector Unit has a calibration system. During calibration, a motor-driven shutter first blocks the light from all four optical fibres from the 57X80 DualPDA Probe; thus the light input from the probe cannot disturb the measurements. Then a diode laser built into the signal processor sends an intensity modulated light calibration signal to the four photo-multipliers U1, U2 V1 and V2 via a multi-mode optical fibre; the differences in the delays of the photo-multiplier tubes are measured and compensated for in the diameter calculations. In setting up any phase Doppler anemometer system for making reliable size measurements some basic understanding of a few scattering phenomena is necessary. These concepts are then applied to the setting up of a conventional PDA system, in particular to the choice of scattering angle. Many of the factors considered apply also to the DualPDA, however there are some special considerations, since in the DualPDA also a planar PDA is being used. Thus the conventional and planar PDA must be simultaneously optimized in the DualPDA. The conditions to achieve this are reviewed in the final section. This appendix has been purposely been made more comprehensive to provide a more intuitive feeling to the optimization problem. However it certainly does not replace a more thorough treatment of the problem and for this, reference can be made to a number of textbooks and publications. Selecting scattering and polarization angles A phase Doppler system should be set up so that the relationship between particle diameter and phase difference is linear. In general, this is obtained by choosing an angle where one single mode dominates the scattered light received by the receiving optics, and where the signal-to-noise ratio is as high as possible. The scattering modes vary with scattering angle and with orientation of polarization. This can be utilized to obtain the best measuring conditions under the given constrictions imposed by practicality in the specific measurement situation. The top panel of Figure 7-45 shows ray tracings of reflection and first and second order of refraction. More importantly, the bottom panel shows the intensity of the light scattered by the three different scattering modes against scattering angle for two orientations of polarization, perpendicular (upper half) and parallel (lower half) to the scattering plane, as a function of scattering angle. In addition the total intensity of the scattered light is shown as calculated from Lorenz-Mie analysis. When the Lorenz-Mie curve is very close to one of the modes, this mode is dominant and we would expect good linearity. 7-50 BSA Flow Software: Reference guide
For both orientations of polarization, first order refraction is dominant for small scattering angles, i.e. its intensity is much greater than that for reflected light. Thus, a scattering angle around ϕ = 30° (for a water droplet) can be used with either polarization. Increasing the scattering angle beyond about 30° results in increasingly different behaviour for the two orientations of polarization: whereas refraction gets less dominant for perpendicular polarization, the situation is quite the opposite for parallel polarization. Due to the Brewster effect on the surface of the droplet, the reflected light is completely subdued at a scattering angle of ϕ b1 = 73.7° (for a water droplet). This is therefore a very good angle for measuring the size of water droplets provided the transmitting optics can be set to parallel polarization. The useful range for refraction with parallel polarization is hatched horizontally in Figure 7-45. Beyond the scattering angle of ϕ c1 = 82.9° (for a water droplet) there is no longer any first order refraction. Thus, reflection is the only one of the three modes of scattering present, and can be used with perpendicular polarization in the slant-hatched range of Figure 7-45. Second order refraction takes over at scattering angles beyond the rainbow angle, ϕ r = 138.0° (for a water droplet). In general, this mode of scattering should be used only with great caution. In part of the range, two components contribute to this mode yielding non-linearities in the size-phase relationship, and in the remaining range there is not so great a difference in intensity between second order refraction and reflection. If the constrictions are very severe, however, it is possible to make measurements in the range indicated by vertical hatches in Figure 7-45. BSA Flow Software:Reference guide 7-51
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BSA Flow Software Version 4.10 Inst
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1. General 1.1 Table of Contents 1.
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5.5 Optical Calibrated LDA System p
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7.2.1 Basic principles of phase Dop
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1.2 Dantec Dynamics Licence Agreeme
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1.3 Laser safety All equipment usin
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2. Introduction Congratulations wit
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2.1.9 Analog Monitor Option 2.1.10
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2.3.4 Trouble shooting 2.3.5 On-lin
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3. Installation 3.1 General 3.1.1 P
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Directory structure CPU usage will
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3.2.2 Installation as administrator
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You have the possibility to define
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Click Next and select the add-ons y
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Peer-to-peer connection Processor s
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Click on the Download tab to get th
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The BSA processor will restart. Thi
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• If the Game controller needs to
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Figure 3-2 National Instruments Mea
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3.7 Third party traverse system To
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4. The user interface 4.1 Layout Me
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4. If the mouse pointer was in the
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4.3 Project explorer shortcuts to t
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Figure 4-5 Dialog for adding object
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Using Templates To make a Template,
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4.6 The tool bar Figure 4-6 the pro
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Save As... Figure 4-10 the File men
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Figure 4-11 Save As compressed proj
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Figure 4-14 the Properties - Summar
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Figure 4-18 The Select Position dia
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Options With the Options you get a
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When Enable error logging is checke
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The fourth format, Significant Digi
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The PDA Optical Configuration objec
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4.7.7 Help menu Figure 4-34 The Hel
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4.9 Message window • by clicking
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PM and Bragg cell connections Warni
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LDA and PDA transmitting optics The
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Click on OK. Note For fully opaque
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In the third step, the software con
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Lightweight Traverse with handbox C
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57G15 Traverse interface Third part
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• right-click the Traverse Server
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4. This brings up the following dia
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To change a setting, click in the V
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Figure 4-39 System monitor in auto-
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14. You have now completed data acq
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4. Check the Show System Monitor wh
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. 8. LDA 1 properties are specific
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11. To monitor the Doppler signals,
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The axes will automatically rescale
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Click Acquire. If a complete new re
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Define the positions that you want
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Select the type of the files to ope
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5. Project explorer objects 5.1 Sta
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Browse to the file you wish to impo
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For each column, the data type must
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5.3.1 Output properties Figure 5-4
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Figure 5-7 The Custom… dialog und
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Figure 5-8 BSA F/P 30: processor pr
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Max. acquisition time: The maximum
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Normal user interface Advanced user
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Figure 5-11 The Bragg cell connecto
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LDA 1, 2, . properties: Range and g
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5.3.4 System monitor It frequently
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Scope: Burst spectrum display Recor
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Overlaid Graphs: used to show the b
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Uncheck the Use default bindings bo
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The calibration data are stored in
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5.6.1 PDA beam system The Beam syst
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Figure 5-24: Fringe direction setti
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5.6.4 Medium properties Medium name
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Software max. limit in mm.: Self ex
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The default address of the National
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Traverse coordinates of a datum poi
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5.7.8 Traverse Mesh generator If yo
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Regions Figure 5-39 Motion pattern,
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Warning Please observe strict secur
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5.9 Export Figure 5-40 Data-sources
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If multiple positions are exported
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5.9.3 Selected columns 5.9.4 Binary
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Data C Headers Programming Examples
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char filename[256] = {0}; strcpy(fi
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Range means that the filter will ap
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5.11.1 Data Properties Note that th
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Figure 5-54. Size histogram (left)
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Figure 5-57. Velocity distribution
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Figure 5-58 list output of 1D PDA d
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The next selection in the context m
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5.13.2 Objects under Merge object A
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N−1 Mean u ∑ ηiui = i= 0 N−1
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Cross-moments The property Cross-mo
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The calculation of ε fails if Umea
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Figure 5-71 General properties of t
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An alternative geometry of a 3D LDA
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Figure 5-75: FiberPDA phase plot. A
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5.16.3 Display properties The defau
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The output quantities of the diamet
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6. Options and Add-ons This chapter
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6.1 Advanced Graphics Add-on The ma
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Figure 6-2 The Tools-Options-Output
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Figure 6-5 Scale properties for 2D
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Property group ‘Display’ Also t
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6.1.3 2D Plot [m/s] 36 34 32 The 2D
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6.1.4 2D Histogram For off-line use
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Configuring the 2D Histogram The co
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Configuring the 3D Plot Figure 6-21
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Figure 6-23 “Interpolate bin” s
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Property group ‘Data’ Figure 6-
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Coordinate shown on Intercepts the
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LDA1-Mean [m/ s] -2,00 -3,00 -4,00
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Figure 6-32 Properties of the Vecto
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Figure 6-33 shows a velocity vector
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6.1.9 Exporting plots Copying a plo
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6.2 Synchronisation Option 6.2.1 In
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Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Out 1 14 Gr
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6.2.5 Sync. Output Signals properti
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Outputs Figure 6-40 Differential sy
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Figure 6-42 Cyclic phenomena in the
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Cycle length The property Cycle len
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It allows to define the number of b
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Note It is not possible to have 0 a
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Figure 6-47: Output data from the c
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performed prior to phase sorting yo
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Figure 6-51 Properties of the spect
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Blocking Using the FFT-approach to
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1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Weight fact
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Output from the Spectrum object The
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6.4.2 Advanced Spectrum object Load
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To evaluate the new algorithm, comp
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6.4.3 Correlation object Conclusion
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20 16 12 8 4 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
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Time The first column of the output
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The Protocol Figure 6-67: Generic t
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How to Use the Initialisation Strin
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Figure 6-69: Traverse File option i
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Properties Output from MATLAB engin
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Result window Script Hides and disp
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6.6.2 Calculation object from to
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Tip To combine calculated data and
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max var. max of all arguments sum v
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6.7.3 Software set-up Once A/D-hard
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Figure 6-76 BSA F/P application win
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6.7.7 Analog input specifications J
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6.8.1 Installation 6.8.2 Hardware c
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Figure 6-85 BSA F/P application win
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6.9.1 Required hardware 6.9.2 Calib
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2. Select Parameter Input 3. The fo
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B. Select Advanced Curve fitting an
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Page 301 and 302: 7. Reference guide 7.1 Theory of La
Page 303 and 304: Doppler effect d0 R(z) Figure 7-1 L
Page 305 and 306: es e2 e1 U Figure 7-3 Scattering of
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Page 309 and 310: Laser fI Beam splitter As indicated
Page 311 and 312: 7.1.6 Frequency shift • Reduce th
Page 313 and 314: As long as the particle velocity do
Page 315 and 316: 7.1.7 Signals The primary result of
Page 317 and 318: 7.1.8 Seeding Seeding as flow field
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Page 321 and 322: 7.2 Theory of Phase Doppler Anemome
Page 323 and 324: D is the particle diameter. βi is
Page 325 and 326: For reflection (Equation 7-16) The
Page 327 and 328: Figure 7-21: The effect of changing
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Page 333 and 334: Figure 7-28:The DualPDA as a combin
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Page 337 and 338: Characteristic scattering angles At
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Page 341 and 342: Figure 7-36: The critical angle con
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Page 345 and 346: Mask Front Lens Eye-piece Spatial f
Page 347 and 348: Alignment of the eyepiece The focus
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Page 353 and 354: Figure 7-46. The effect of changing
Page 355 and 356: Table of characteristic angles Defi
Page 357 and 358: n rel ϕ c1 ϕ b0 ϕ c2 ϕ b2 ϕ r2
Page 365 and 366: Choice of wavelength Choice of mask
Page 367 and 368: Choice of wavelength and focal leng
Page 369 and 370: Choice of polarization Choice of sc
Page 371 and 372: Focal length Transmitter (FiberFlow
Page 373 and 374: Polarization ring Fixing screw Push
Page 375 and 376: Aperture plates The particle size r
Page 377 and 378: Tighten the cable securely at each
Page 379 and 380: Disconnect the receiving fiber V1 f
Page 381 and 382: Step by step procedure Phase-Dopple
Page 383 and 384: Lower half: The lower half of the b
Page 385 and 386: Recommended acceptance angles of th
Page 387 and 388: 7.7.4 Air bubble in freon Character
Page 389 and 390: 7.7.6 Bubble of air in diesel oil C
Page 391 and 392: 7.7.8 Glass sphere in water Charact
Page 393 and 394: 7.7.10 Latex sphere in water Charac
Page 395 and 396: Blocking increases calculation spee
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Page 399 and 400: 7.9 Moments (one-time statistics) 7
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1 = N Mean D mean ui (7-31) N ∑
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Software implementation Updating me
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u v 2 2 = = ∑ ∑ tU tV 2 2 − 2
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(histogram properties). ni is the n
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volume is calculated for the class
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D30 The volume mean diameter is cal
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Three further factors are however i
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d e ln 2 max 2 V do ∗ Vt = ( 7-48
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Diameter bins The number of diamete
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Trajectory dependent detection area
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Corrected particle Max d e ( Di ) C
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Integral time-scale τI Definition
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The mean values of u(t) and v(t) ar
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Low pass filtering & Step noise Obv
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fc ≡ t 1 2 ∆ If the true signal
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Estimator bias Estimator variance S
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-again S’(f) is used to distingui
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Zero padding Often the sampling per
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As an example the Hanning window is
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The Explorer window will now look s
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8.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Configuration Co
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. High Voltage or Figure 8-3: Calib
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Invalid particles in the corners Th
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Gaussain beam effect The following
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To check for connection, right-clic
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