Keadilan Transisional: sebuah tinjauan komprehensif - Elsam

47. Lihat Elrod v. Burns, 427 US 347 (1976).
48. Lihat United States v. Robel, 389 US 258, 166 (1967); Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois, 497 US
62, 70-71 (1990). Lihat juga Konigsberg v. State Bar, 366 US 36 (1961); In re Anastapolo, 366 US US 82
(1961).
49. Lihat PBB, Sidang Umum, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, A/RES/217A (III), 10 Desember
1948, Pasal 2.
50. Lihat Pasal 2(7), “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”, 6 Desember 1966, Treaties
and International Agreements Registered or Filed or Reported with the Secretariat of the United Nations
999, No. 14668 (1976): 171; Pasal 2(2), “International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultutal
Rights”, 16 Desember 1966, Treaties and International Agreements Registered or Filed or Reported with
the Secretariat of the United Nations 993, No. 14531 (1976): 3. Lihat juga 7(c), “International Covenant
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” melindungi “kesetaraan kesempatan” dalam memperoleh
pekerjaan.
51. Constitutional Court Decision on the Screening Law (Republik Federal Czek dan Slowakia, 26
November 1992). Lihat juga K. 3/98 Judgment in the Name of the Republic of Poland Constitutional
Court on the Incompatibility of Law of 17.12.97 on Amendments of the Law on Judicial System and some
other Statutes with the Constitutions of the Republic of Poland of 02.04.87. Seperti dikatakan oleh
pengadilan dalam Judgment of 3/98, “suatu transisi dari negara otoriter ke demokrasi bisa secara luar biasa
mencapai solusi yang tidak akan dijustifikasi dalam kondisi normal”.
52. Kemudian, undang-undang Ceko ini diperpanjang masa berlakunya hingga tahun 2000. Lihat Jirina
Siklova, “Lustration or the Czech Way of Screening”, East European Constitutional Review 5, No. 1
(musim dingin 1996): 59. Lihat juga “Constitution Watch”, East European Constitutional Review 4
(musim gugur 1995): 8-10. Tentang peamahaman Jerman, lihat “Traktat Unifikasi Jerman”.
53. Lihat Constitutional Court Decision on the Screening Law.
54. Lihat Act Concerning the Records of the State Security Service of the Former German Democratic
Republic (Jerman, 1991) (“Akta Arsip Stasi”). Lihat juga “Traktat Unifikasi Jerman”.
55. Judgment by First Senate of Constitutional Court (Jerman, 1955) (terjemahan penulis).
56. Lihat Akta 29 April 1985 mengenai Tribunal Konstitusional, diamendemen oleh Akta Tribunal
Konstitusional 1 Agustus 1997.
57. Lihat “Peace for Affirmative Action” New York Times, 21 Februari 1998, hal. A2.
58. Untuk analisis kritis, lihat John Elster, “On Doing What One Can”, East European Constitutional
Review 1 (1992): 15.
59. Constitutional Court Decision on the Screening Law.
60. Lihat misalnya, International Labour Organization Decision on the Screening Law, GB. 252/16/19
(Republik Federal Czek dan Slowakia, 1992).
61. Lihat Act on the Illegality of the Communist Regime and Resistance to It, Akta No. 198/1993
(Republik Czek, 1993).
62. Constitutional Court Decision on the Act on the Illegality of the Communist Regime 1993 (Republik
Czek, 1993).
63. Lihat umumnya Dan M. Kahan, “What do Alternative Sanctions Mean?” University of Chicago Law
Review 63 (1996): 591.
64. Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purge of the Thirties, New York: Macmillan, 1968.
65. Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purge of the Thirties, New York: Macmillan, 1968.
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