LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Discussion 89 recognize its effects in the cultures, but of course its effect would be masked by the destruction of the cells resulting from the poliovirus infection. But we did not come across any marked cytopathogenic effect in the culture bottles. CHAIRMAN BURNET: I should like to ask Dr. Kirschstein to present her paper on "Laboratory Investigations of the Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine Strains. I. Neurovirulence after Intramuscular Inoculation of Monkeys."
7. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF THRE ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE STRAINS I. NEUROVIRULENCE AFTER INTRAMUSCULAR INOCULATION OF MONKEYS R. KIRSCHSTEIN, G. BORMAN, S. BARON, R. FRIEDMAN, R. MURRAY, AND G. HOTTLE Division of Biologics Standards National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland DR. KIRSCHSTEIN (presenting the paper): At the First International Conference on Live Poliovirus Vaccines last year we presented a comparison of the neurovirulence of the attenuated poliovirus vaccine strains when inoculated directly into the central nervous system (CNS) of monkeys 1. As you heard this afternoon, Dr. Pette confirmed our observations. The significance of those results and the correlation of neurovirulence after that type of inoculation with neurovirulence in man is not really known. Therefore, it appeared that a study of the neurovirulence of the attenuated strains after inoculation extraneurally might be more meaningful and add to our knowledge of the invasiveness of these strains. Preliminary studies of these strains after intramuscular inoculation have been performed before by Sabin in 1957 2 and by ourselves and Melnick in our laboratory 3 in 1958. Monkeys: The majority of monkeys used in this study were Rhesus (Macaca mulatta). A small number of Cynomolgus (Macaca irus phillipinensis) monkeys were also used. The animals were in overt good health and weighed between 4-10 lbs. initially. The animals were observed daily for signs of poliomyelitis and were sacrificed at 14-20 days. They were housed in stainless steel double-decked cages with 2 or 3 per cage. Virus strains: The virus strains were obtained from Dr. Koprowski, from Lederle Laboratories and from Dr. Sabin. The titers and identification of the virus strains are seen in Table 1. The virus fluids were titered as described in our paper at the first Conference. On the whole the titers were somewhat higher than those we obtained last year. Inoculation: The monkeys were inoculated into the right thigh, or upper arm muscles with 1 ml., 5 ml., or 10 ml. amounts of undiluted virus fluids or 1 ml. amounts of material diluted 1:10. Examination o! Tissues: The methods followed were those used in the safety test for inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine and were de- TABLE 1. STRAINS OF POLIOVIRUS STUDIED Koprowski group Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Lederle group Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Sabin group Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Wistar-CHAT Pool 13 TN 19 Pool 1 WFX Pool WY 13 Lederle-SM, y 7-1231-166 Lederle-MEF-1, M& 7-1232-243 Lederle-Fox, M 7-1233-344 L Se, 2 ab P 72, Ch, 2 ab Leon, 12 a, b 107.2 PFU/ml. 106'o PFU/ml. 10' M 1 PFU/ml. 107.9 PFU/ml. 106 ' 5 PFU/ml. 107.0 PFU/ml. 107'7 PFU/ml. 107 T 3 PFU/ml. 1079 PFU/ml. 90
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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140 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Virologic, Serologi
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cARE NUC:4I Discussion 267 CUAw # J
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Discussion 269 in the investigation
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Virological Findings, Antibody Resp
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4. ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION WITH ATTENU
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Routine Immunization With Attenuate
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Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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Response of Newborn Infants to Vacc
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Susceptibility of Newborn Infants t
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9. IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS
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Immunization of Newborn Infants wit
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Discussion 323 vaccinated siblings
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Discussion 325 Discussion 325 ance
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transplacental antibodies, or antib
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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458 Discussion 458 Discussion~~~~~~
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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